Functional analysis of Antirrhinum kelloggii flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase genes; critical role in flower color and evolution in the genus Antirrhinum

Ishiguro, Kanako; Taniguchi, Masaru; Tanaka, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1007/s10265-011-0455-5

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We confirmed this by BLAST‐ing the A. majus genome (http://antirrhinum.biordf.net) with the F3′5′h sequence from the closely related A. kelloggi (Ishiguro et al. ). We obtained no hits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Delphinidin and other 3′,4′,5′‐hydroxylated flavonoids are absent in Antirrhinum majus (Stickland and Harrison ) leading to the suggestion that F3′5′h has been functionally inactivated in this species (Ishiguro et al. ). We confirmed this by BLAST‐ing the A. majus genome (http://antirrhinum.biordf.net) with the F3′5′h sequence from the closely related A. kelloggi (Ishiguro et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PREDICTABILITY AND IRREVERSIBILITY OF GENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH FLOWER COLOR EVOLUTION INPENSTEMON BARBATUS

Wessinger

Rausher

2014

Evolution

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Two outstanding questions in evolutionary biology are whether, and how often, the genetic basis of phenotypic evolution is predictable; and whether genetic change constrains evolutionary reversibility. We address these questions by studying the genetic basis of red flower color in Penstemon barbatus. The production of red flowers often involves the inactivation of one or both of two anthocyanin pathway genes, Flavonoid 3 ,5 -hydroxylase (F3 5 h) and Flavonoid 3 -hydroxylase (F3 h). We used gene expression and enzyme function assays to determine that redundant inactivating mutations to F3 5 h underlie the evolution of red flowers in P. barbatus. Comparison of our results to previously characterized shifts from blue to red flowers suggests that the genetic change associated with the evolution of red flowers is predictable: when it involves elimination of F3 5 H activity, functional inactivation or deletion of this gene tends to occur; however, when it involves elimination of F3 H activity, tissue-specific regulatory substitutions occur and the gene is not functionally inactivated. This pattern is consistent with emerging data from physiological experiments indicating that F3 h may have pleiotropic effects and is thus subject to purifying selection. The multiple, redundant inactivating mutations to F3 5 h suggest that reversal to blue-purple flowers in this group would be unlikely.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PREDICTABILITY AND IRREVERSIBILITY OF GENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH FLOWER COLOR EVOLUTION INPENSTEMON BARBATUS

Wessinger

Rausher

2014

Evolution

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“…Consistently, while F3 0 H has been maintained throughout most plant species, F3 0 5 0 H has evolved many times and has got lost many times, resulting in a patchy distribution. An example for the loss of F3 0 5 0 H activity is Antirrhinum species (Ishiguro et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple evolution of flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase

Seitz¹,

Ameres²,

Schlangen

et al. 2015

Planta

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Multiple F3'5'H evolution from F3'H has occurred in dicotyledonous plants. Efficient pollinator attraction is probably the driving force behind, as this allowed for the synthesis of delphinidin-based blue anthocyanins. The cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) hydroxylate the B-ring of flavonoids at the 3'- and 3'- and 5'-position, respectively. Their divergence took place early in plant evolution. While F3'H is ubiquitously present in higher plants, the distribution of F3'5'H is scattered. Here, we report that F3'5'H has repeatedly evolved from F3'H precursors at least four times in dicotyledonous plants: In the Asteraceae, we identified F3'5'Hs specific for the subfamilies Cichorioideae and Asteroideae, and additionally an F3'5'H that seems to be specific for the genus Echinops of the subfamily Carduoideae; moreover, characterisation of a sequence from Billardiera heterophylla (formerly Sollya heterophylla) (Pittosporaceae) showed that the independent evolution of an F3'5'H has occurred at least once also in another family. The evolution of F3'5'H from an F3'H precursor represents a gain of enzymatic function, probably triggered by an amino acid change at one position of substrate recognition site 6. The gain of F3'5'H activity allows for the synthesis of delphinidin-based anthocyanins which usually provide the basis for lilac to blue flower colours. Therefore, the need for an efficient pollinator attraction is probably the driving force behind the multiple F3'5'H evolution.

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“…12.2), carnation, and snapdragon (Brugliera et al 1997), and Antirrhinum kelloggii (Ishiguro et al 2012) in a petunia line that is deficient in F3 0 H gene (ht1) resulted in an elevated amount of cyanidinbased anthocyanins and flower color changes from pale pink to intense pink. Tobacco petals expressing a gentian F3 0 H gene showed a slight increase in anthocyanin content and flower color intensity, with conversion of the flavonol quercetin from kaempferol (Nakatsuka et al 2006).…”

Section: Color Modification Of Petuniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Engineering of Flower Color Pathways Using Cytochromes P450

Tanaka

Brugliera

2014

Fifty Years of Cytochrome P450 Research

Self Cite

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A single plant species can contain more than 250 cytochromes P450. Cytochromes P450 catalyze various reactions in plant biosynthetic pathways and play critical and diversified roles in the biosynthesis of primary and specialized (secondary) compounds, including flavonoids. Flavonoids and their colored derivatives, anthocyanins, are major constituents of flower color. Functional combinations of the cytochromes P450, flavonoid 3, and flavone synthase II (FNSII, CYP93B) determine flavonoid structure and flower color. The number of hydroxyl groups on the B-ring of anthocyanins catalyzed by F3 0 H and F3 0 5 0 H have an impact on the color: the more the bluer. Wild-type or traditionally bred carnations, roses, and chrysanthemums lack blue/violet flower colors because of the deficiency of a F3 0 5 0 H and therefore lack the trihydroxylated (B-ring) anthocyanins based upon delphinidin. Metabolic engineering of the anthocyanin pathway and specifically manipulation of F3 0 5 0 H and F3 0 H genes has produced an array of flower color modifications in many species. By optimizing transgene expression and suppressing endogenous genes in a species-specific manner, transgenic carnations, roses, and chrysanthemums producing novel violet/blue-hued flowers were engineered. Downregulation of F3 0 5 0 H and F3 0 H genes, often with expression of a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene, yielded redder flowers in petunia, tobacco, and torenia. Modulation of FNSII gene expression also impacts flower color as flavones act as co-pigments to induce bluing of anthocyanins and flavones and anthocyanins also share the same precursors.

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Functional analysis of Antirrhinum kelloggii flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase genes; critical role in flower color and evolution in the genus Antirrhinum

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

PREDICTABILITY AND IRREVERSIBILITY OF GENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH FLOWER COLOR EVOLUTION INPENSTEMON BARBATUS

PREDICTABILITY AND IRREVERSIBILITY OF GENETIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH FLOWER COLOR EVOLUTION INPENSTEMON BARBATUS

Multiple evolution of flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase

Metabolic Engineering of Flower Color Pathways Using Cytochromes P450

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