Functional glycans and glycoconjugates in human milk

Georgi, Gilda; Bartke, Nana; Wiens, Frank; Stahl, Bernd

doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.039065

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Milk composition varies greatly across mammalian species, as an adaptation to environment and nutrient requirements of the different mammalian infants [2,3]. Only the sea lion and the marsupialslargely inhabitants of the Pacific Ocean, are known to have milk without lactose, and still their first pouch milk is a trisaccharide of galactose [4].…”

Section: Galactose In Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactose metabolism and health

Coelho

Berry

Rubio-Gozalbo

2015

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

183

116

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Section: Galactose In Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galactose metabolism and health

Coelho

Berry

Rubio-Gozalbo

2015

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

183

116

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“…The nondigestibility of the scGOS+lcFOS mixture implies, in principle, ample opportunity of direct interaction with the digestive tract's surface as described by Georgi et al elsewhere in this supplement (88). With regard to the direct physical interaction of prebiotics as reviewed by Jeurink et al (89), it has been shown, for HMOSs, that these can directly modulate the function of immune cells (90,91).…”

Section: Modulation Of Gastrointestinal Physiology By Colonic Fermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HMOSs and other NDOSs have been reported to bind to specific receptors on cells of the immune system as summarized by Georgi et al (88) and others (90,(131)(132)(133). Furthermore, in vitro evidence has been obtained for the epithelial transport of HMOSs (131).…”

Section: The Modulation Of Early-life Microbiota Correlates With Imprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiology in early life: specific prebiotics can have similar functionalities as human-milk oligosaccharides

Oozeer¹,

Limpt²,

Ludwig³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

154

131

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Human milk is generally accepted as the best nutrition for newborns and has been shown to support the optimal growth and development of infants. On the basis of scientific insights from human-milk research, a specific mixture of nondigestible oligosaccharides has been developed, with the aim to improve the intestinal microbiota in early life. The mixture has been extensively studied and has been shown to be safe and to have potential health benefits that are similar to those of human milk. The specific mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides has been found to affect the development of early microbiota and to increase the Bifidobacterium amounts as observed in human-milk-fed infants. The resulting gut ecophysiology is characterized by high concentrations of lactate, a slightly acidic pH, and specific short-chain fatty acid profiles, which are high in acetate and low in butyrate and propionate. Here, we have summarized the main findings of dietary interventions with these specific oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in early life. The gut ecophysiology in early life may have consequences for the metabolic, immunologic, and even neurologic development of the child because reports increasingly substantiate the important function of gut microbes in human health. This review highlights major findings in the field of early gut colonization and the potential impact of early nutrition in healthy growth and development.Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98(suppl):561S-71S.

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“…complex oligosaccharides free or covalently bound (glycolipids, glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and glycosaminoglycans), have been observed both between lactating women and during the course of lactation, according to the newborn's needs. These complex glycostructures are important dietary factors during early life as they regulate multiple functions [88]. However, the growth rate of breast-fed babies is related to the total amount of milk they consume, rather than the concentration of fat, protein, or lactose [89].…”

Section: Milk Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%