Functional localization and double dissociations: The relationship between internal structure and behavior

Medler, David A.; Dawson, Michael R. W.; Kingstone, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2004.08.034

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Yet with the advent of connectionist models of normal and impaired cognitive performance, it is becoming increasingly apparent that an exclusive focus on single cases and dissociation logic has its own limitations and liabilities. An extensive consideration of this controversial issue falls outside the scope of the present work, and excellent discussions of various aspects of this debate appear elsewhere (Medler, Dawson, & Kingstone, 2005; Plaut, 1995, 2003; Van Orden, Jansen op de Haar, & Bosman, 1997; Van Orden, Pennington, & Stone, 2001). We note here only two key aspects that are of particular relevance to the current study of reading aloud performance in SD.…”

Section: Theoretical Perspectives On Surface Dyslexic Readingmentioning

confidence: 98%

SD-squared: On the association between semantic dementia and surface dyslexia.

Woollams

Ralph

Plaut

et al. 2007

Psychological Review

251

370

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Within the connectionist triangle model of reading aloud, interaction between semantic and phonological representations occurs for all words but is particularly important for correct pronunciation of lower frequency exception words. This framework therefore predicts that (a) semantic dementia, which compromises semantic knowledge, should be accompanied by surface dyslexia, a frequency-modulated deficit in exception word reading, and (b) there should be a significant relationship between the severity of semantic degradation and the severity of surface dyslexia. The authors evaluated these claims with reference to 100 observations of reading data from 51 cases of semantic dementia. Surface dyslexia was rampant, and a simple composite semantic measure accounted for half of the variance in low-frequency exception word reading. Although in 3 cases initial testing revealed a moderate semantic impairment but normal exception word reading, all of these became surface dyslexic as their semantic knowledge deteriorated further. The connectionist account attributes such cases to premorbid individual variation in semantic reliance for accurate exception word reading. These results provide a striking demonstration of the association between semantic dementia and surface dyslexia, a phenomenon that the authors have dubbed SD-squared.

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Section: Theoretical Perspectives On Surface Dyslexic Readingmentioning

confidence: 98%

SD-squared: On the association between semantic dementia and surface dyslexia.

Woollams

Ralph

Plaut

et al. 2007

Psychological Review

251

370

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is considerable evidence against each of these assumptions with regard to cognitive and emotional processing as well as the brain mechanisms that implement them (Compton et al, 2003;Frijda, 1994;Gray et al, 2002;Heller & Nitschke, 1997;Miller, 1996). Furthermore, double dissociations can exist even in fully interactive cognitive systems (Medler, Dawson, & Kingstone, 2005). However, even though an entire network may participate, different parts of the system may make distinct contributions and are differentially important for particular aspects of cognitive and emotional function (Mesulam, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential engagement of anterior cingulate cortex subdivisions for cognitive and emotional function

et al. 2007

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Functional differentiation of dorsal (dACC) and rostral (rACC) anterior cingulate cortex for cognitive and emotional function has received considerable indirect support. Using fMRI, parallel tasks, and within-subject analysis, the present study directly tested the proposed specialization of ACC subdivisions. A Task x Region interaction confirmed more dACC activation during color-word distractors and more rACC activation during emotion-word distractors. Activity in ACC subdivisions differentially predicted behavioral performance. Connectivity with prefrontal and limbic regions also supported distinct dACC and rACC roles. Findings provide direct evidence for differential engagement of ACC subdivisions in cognitive and emotional processing and for differential functional connectivity in the implementation of cognitive control and emotion regulation. Results point to an anatomical and functional continuum rather than segregated operations.

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“…She did not confirm that her lesions did not remove a localized structure. A different study lesioned connectionist networks but also interpreted the structure of ablated processors (Medler et al, 2005). When the lesioned networks produced dissociations, the interpretation revealed that local network structure had been removed.…”

Section: Does Cognition Require Rules?mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is Cognitive Psychology?

Dawson¹

2022

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Functional localization and double dissociations: The relationship between internal structure and behavior

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

SD-squared: On the association between semantic dementia and surface dyslexia.

SD-squared: On the association between semantic dementia and surface dyslexia.

Differential engagement of anterior cingulate cortex subdivisions for cognitive and emotional function

What Is Cognitive Psychology?

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