Functionalised graphene as flexible electrodes for polymer photovoltaics

Tiwari, Sourabh; Purabgola, Anushka; Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153954

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…The unrivaled excellent properties of graphene and graphene oxide such as large surface area, high electrical conductivity, high potential adsorption power and good catalytic properties make them efficient materials for several applications, including supercapacitors, energy storage devices and electrochemical sensing [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In addition, silane-based materials have been reported previously to improve electrical conductivity and chemical stability of materials [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Aminosilane (APTES)-Grafted Polyaniline@Graphene Oxide (PANI-GO) Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Sensor

et al. 2021

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Lead is a potentially toxic element (PTE) that has several adverse medical effects in humans. Its presence in the environment became prominent due to anthropogenic activities. The current study explores the use of newly developed composite materials (organic–inorganic hybrid) based on PANI-GO-APTES for electrochemical detection of Pb2+ in aqueous solution. The composite material (PANI-GO-APTES) was synthesized by chemical method and was characterized with SEM, XPS, XEDS, XRD, TGA, FTIR, EIS and CV. The result of characterization indicates the successful synthesis of the intended material. The PANI-GO-APTES was successfully applied for electrochemical detection of Pb2+ using cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry method. The limit of detection of Pb2+ was 0.0053 µM in the linear range of 0.01 µM to 0.4 µM. The current response produced during the electrochemical reduction of Pb2+ catalyzed by PANI-GO-APTES was also very repeatable, reproducible and rapid. The application of PANI-GO-APTES-modified GCE in real sample analysis was also established. Therefore, PANI-GO-APTES is presented as a potential Pb2+ sensor for environmental and human health safety.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Aminosilane (APTES)-Grafted Polyaniline@Graphene Oxide (PANI-GO) Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Sensor

et al. 2021

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“…[276] Since then, the application of graphene in TCEs and of these TCEs as bottom electrode in OPV devices has been extensively investigated as described in several literature rev iews. [270,271,[277][278][279][280][281][282][283][284][285][286] However, despite all the progress achieved, the majority of the most important studies focus on small area OPV devices. [287][288][289][290] Reports of OPV devices based on graphene bottom electrodes and with large active area (≥1 cm 2 ) are still very scarce in the literature [291,292] and these are briefly described below.…”

Section: Graphene-based Transparent Conducting Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Upscaling Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Bernardo

Lopes

Lidzey

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have recently undergone a rapid increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) under AM1.5G conditions, as certified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which have jumped from 11.5% in October 2017 to 18.2% in December 2020. However, the NREL certified PCE of large area OPV modules is still lagging far behind (11.7% in July 2020). Additionally, there has been a rapidly growing interest in the use of OPVs for dim light indoor applications, with reported PCE of some large area (≥1 cm2) devices, under 1000 lux, well above 20%. The transition of OPV from the lab to the market requires the development of effective manufacturing processes that can scale‐up laboratory‐scale devices into large area devices, without sacrificing performance and simultaneously minimizing associated manufacturing costs. This review article focuses on four important challenges that OPV technology has to face to achieve a reliable lab‐to‐fab transfer, namely: i) The upscaling of indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐based single cells and the interconnection of single cells into large area modules; ii) the development of alternatives to vacuum processing; iii) the development of alternatives to ITO‐based substrates; and iv) strategies for improving the lifetime of large area OPV devices.

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“…[196] Also, the high-temperature sintering process required to enhance the crystallinity and electron mobility of TiO 2 consumes more energy and is not compatible with flexible substrates. [206] Recently, carbon-based materials, including CNTs, graphene, and fullerene-based n-type semiconductor materials, such as [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and C 60 , [200,207] have been used as alternative ETLs in PSCs due to their competitive optical and electronic properties. Among these, graphene-based materials have attracted considerable research interest as low-cost alternative ETLs owing to their unique properties, such as solution processability, high electron mobility, high optical transparency, good electrical conductivity, excellent stability, and flexibility, coupled with their hydrophobicity, which prevents the absorption of moisture, thereby improving the device's stability.…”

Section: Electron Transport Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Muchuweni

Martincigh

Nyamori

2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Recent advancements in technology have inevitably led to a significant increase in the global energy demand, whose traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy, are failing to meet needs due to their nonrenewable nature and consequent depletion. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, fossil fuels and nuclear energy are major sources of environmental pollution, which is responsible for unfavorable global warming and climate change. [7][8][9] Hence, there has been considerable research interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, due to its natural abundance and environmentally friendly nature. [10][11][12] In this regard, solar energy is most commonly converted into electricity by making use of the first-generation solar cells, i.e., crystalline silicon solar cells, that are now commercially available, with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of above 26% [13,14] and superior environmental stability. [15] However, the largescale production of silicon-based solar cells is restricted by their high production cost, complicated fabrication procedures, rigidity, [16,17] and PCE, which is almost close to the theoretical limit of %29.4%. [18] As a result, the second-generation solar cells, i.e., thin-film solar cells, such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, and cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, [19][20][21] and the third-generation solar cells, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [22][23][24][25][26][27] have been developed by using simple and low-cost fabrication procedures. Among these, the thirdgeneration solar cells have gained significant research attention due to an abundance of low-cost materials, solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, environmental friendliness, and ease of scaling-up. [28][29][30][31][32] Interestingly, PSCs are a rising star owing to their recent breakthrough in PCE, which has shown a rapid increase from 3.8% in 2009 [33,34] to %25.5% for the current state-of-the-art PSCs. [35] The superior performance of PSCs is mainly attributed to the exceptional properties of metal halide perovskites, including the large absorption coefficient, direct and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy at room temperature, ambipolar charge transport characteristics, high charge carrier mobility, slow recombination kinetics, and long electron-hole diffusion length. [36][37][38][39][40][41] Thus, metal halide perovskites are emerging semiconductor materials, described by the general formula of ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation, such as methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 þ ; MA), formamidinium (CH 3 (NH 2 ) 2 þ ; FA), caesium (Cs þ ), or rubidium (Rb þ ); B is a divalent metal cation, such as lead (Pb 2þ ), tin (Sn 2þ ), or germanium (Ge 2þ ); and X is a halide anion, such as iodide (I À ), bromide (Br À ), or chloride (Cl À ).

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Functionalised graphene as flexible electrodes for polymer photovoltaics

Cited by 52 publications

References 121 publications

Novel Aminosilane (APTES)-Grafted Polyaniline@Graphene Oxide (PANI-GO) Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Sensor

Novel Aminosilane (APTES)-Grafted Polyaniline@Graphene Oxide (PANI-GO) Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Sensor

Progress in Upscaling Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

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