2017
DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0453-3
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Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, constitute an important element of intercellular communication by carrying a variety of molecules from producer to target cells. The transport of mRNA and miRNA can directly modulate gene expression in the target cells. The miRNA content in exosomes is characteristic for the cell from which the vesicles were derived enabling the usage of exosomes as biomarkers for the diagnosis various diseases, including cancer. Cancer-derived exosomes support the survival and progr… Show more

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Cited by 95 publications
(103 citation statements)
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References 151 publications
(171 reference statements)
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“…Therefore, we will first discuss mechanisms by which cancer cells use exosomes to escape immune surveillance and then touch on the potential to hijack these mechanisms and restore vigilance of immune cells toward cancer. Not surprisingly, the majority of these studies has focused on miRNA-mediated and immunoinhibitory protein-mediated reprogramming of immune cells, which is comprehensively reviewed in the following articles (Czernek & Duchler, 2017; Eichmuller, Osen, Mandelboim, & Seliger, 2017; Whiteside, 2017a, 2017b). However, it is known that antigen recognition and activation of immune cells critically relies on membrane lipids, which provides the unique opportunity to utilize lipids and mobile rafts in exosomes to manipulate the immune system.…”
Section: Exosomes In Cancer: Target Tissue Biohacking and Hijacking Omentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, we will first discuss mechanisms by which cancer cells use exosomes to escape immune surveillance and then touch on the potential to hijack these mechanisms and restore vigilance of immune cells toward cancer. Not surprisingly, the majority of these studies has focused on miRNA-mediated and immunoinhibitory protein-mediated reprogramming of immune cells, which is comprehensively reviewed in the following articles (Czernek & Duchler, 2017; Eichmuller, Osen, Mandelboim, & Seliger, 2017; Whiteside, 2017a, 2017b). However, it is known that antigen recognition and activation of immune cells critically relies on membrane lipids, which provides the unique opportunity to utilize lipids and mobile rafts in exosomes to manipulate the immune system.…”
Section: Exosomes In Cancer: Target Tissue Biohacking and Hijacking Omentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The complex of immune reactions is mediated by T cells, which not only trigger and stimulate (CD4 + T cells, T-helper cells (Th)) or regulate (regulatory T cells (Treg)) the immune response, but also destroy infected or tumor cells (CD8 + killer T cells, cytotoxic T cells). The eradication of tumor cells and memory cell formation is a reasonable result of the T-cell immune response [8]. In turn, tumor cells find various ways to "evade" the immune response.…”
Section: Tumor Microenvironment: the Immune Response And The Role Omentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although tumor-derived vesicles (TDVs) suppress the immune system and contribute to tumor development, they simultaneously contain tumor antigens. This property of vesicles could potentially be used in immunotherapy for eliciting an antitumor immune response [8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Estudos baseados em características percentuais de casos mostram que o tumor apresenta tropismo preferencial por cabeça (30,34%), membros superiores (25,84%) e tronco (20,22%). Na cabeça, o escalpe e a face são os locais mais frequentes 5 . Apresenta características macroscópicas de lesões nodulares de 0,2 a 5 cm de diâmetro com pele suprajacente normal ou rósea, podendo haver ulceração e dor a pressão 6 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Na microscopia óptica pode ser identificada a presença de lóbulos epiteliais compostos de células com variados graus de atípia, além da desorganização da arquitetura normal, com numerosas mitoses anormais e múltiplos focos de necrose. Também podem ser observadas algumas áreas com pequenos grupos de células poligonais e fusiformes eosinofílicas e células claras que contém em seu interior material PAS-positivo 5,7 . Os exames imuno-histoquímicos são realizados utilizando técnicas padronizadas, que envolvem o uso de anticorpos primários como: Ki-67, histona fosforilada H3 (PHH3), receptor do fator de crescimento epitelial (EGFR) e Her-2/neu 7 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified