Fundamental understanding of the proton and zinc storage in vanadium oxide for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Protonating imine sites of polyaniline for aqueous zinc batteries

“…The partially exfoliated graphene/graphite sheets atop the substrate constructed the 3D structure, facilitating the charge transfer of the electrode. 24 The fabricated PANI electrode was employed as the cathode for Zn-PANI battery, displaying a specific capacity of 139 mA h g −1 at the current density of 0.7 A g −1 (Fig. 1a, based on the active mass of PANI, 2.23 mg cm −2 ).…”

Simultaneous pre-intercalation of caesium and sodium ions into vanadium oxide bronze nanowires for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

“…The similarity of the geometrical shapes in the CV curves could be determined with the increase in the scan rates, followed by the slight movement of the cathodic and anodic peaks to low and high potential directions due to the polarization effect of faradaic reactions. Generally, the relationship between the peak currents (i) and scan rates (n) in the CV curves obeyed the power law relationship as follows: 43,44 i = an b (1)…”

“…The similarity of the geometrical shapes in the CV curves could be determined with the increase in the scan rates, followed by the slight movement of the cathodic and anodic peaks to low and high potential directions due to the polarization effect of faradaic reactions. Generally, the relationship between the peak currents ( i ) and scan rates ( ν ) in the CV curves obeyed the power law relationship as follows: 43,44 i = aν b log ( i ) = b log ( v ) + log ( a )Where a and b are adjustable parameters. As is well known, the slope of double logarithmic curves between the current densities ( i ) and scan rates ( v ) responds to the b -values, which is applied to identify the charge-storage processes involved in the diffusion-controlled and capacitive behaviours.…”

Ultrastable hydrated vanadium dioxide cathodes for high-performance aqueous zinc ion batteries with H+/Zn2+ Co-insertion mechanism

“…Meanwhile, during the following two cycles, a similar situation can be observed, indicating that the by-product undergoes a reversible reaction during the cycle, which is consistent with previous reports. [44][45][46][47] It can be seen from the in situ XRD test results of the VO 2 $xH 2 O electrode that its zinc storage process is based on the proton (H + ) and Zn 2+ co-intercalation/de-intercalation process. Fig.…”