Fungal Metabolites and Leishmaniasis: A Review

Fatima, Nighat; Muhammad, Syed Aun; Mumtaz, Amara; Tariq, Hina; Shahzadi, Irum; Said, Muhammad Irfan; Dawood, Muhammad

doi:10.9734/bjpr/2016/26094

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These derivatives interacted with the active site of the enzyme through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, leading to their stabilization. Epicoccamide derivatives exhibited high bonding energies with the trypanothione reductase of −13.31, −13.44, −13.31, and −13.32 kcal/mol, respectively [267,268] (Table 8, Figure 11).…”

Section: Antiprotozoal Compounds From Endophytic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade

et al. 2023

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The seminal discovery of paclitaxel from endophytic fungus Taxomyces andreanae was a milestone in recognizing the immense potential of endophytic fungi as prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites of use in medicine, agriculture, and food industries. Following the discovery of paclitaxel, the research community has intensified efforts to harness endophytic fungi as putative producers of lead molecules with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardio-protective, and immunomodulatory properties. Endophytic fungi have been a valuable source of bioactive compounds over the last three decades. Compounds such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, huperzine, camptothecin, and resveratrol have been effectively isolated and characterized after extraction from endophytic fungi. These findings have expanded the applications of endophytic fungi in medicine and related fields. In the present review, we systematically compile and analyze several important compounds derived from endophytic fungi, encompassing the period from 2011 to 2022. Our systematic approach focuses on elucidating the origins of endophytic fungi, exploring the structural diversity and biological activities exhibited by these compounds, and giving special emphasis to the pharmacological activities and mechanism of action of certain compounds. We highlight the tremendous potential of endophytic fungi as alternate sources of bioactive metabolites, with implications for combating major global diseases. This underscores the significant role that fungi can play in the discovery and development of novel therapeutic agents that address the challenges posed by prevalent diseases worldwide.

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Section: Antiprotozoal Compounds From Endophytic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade

et al. 2023

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“…To the best of our knowledge, few reviews are deal with bacterial and fungal metabolites against trypanosomatid parasites [ 11 , 35 , 36 , 37 ] since these reviews only briefly mention them.…”

Section: Microbial Diversity As a Source Of Antiprotozoal Metabolimentioning

confidence: 99%

Microorganisms as a Potential Source of Molecules to Control Trypanosomatid Diseases

et al. 2021

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Trypanosomatids are the causative agents of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, which affect about 20 million people in the world’s poorest countries, leading to 95,000 deaths per year. They are often associated with malnutrition, weak immune systems, low quality housing, and population migration. They are generally recognized as neglected tropical diseases. New drugs against these parasitic protozoa are urgently needed to counteract drug resistance, toxicity, and the high cost of commercially available drugs. Microbial bioprospecting for new molecules may play a crucial role in developing a new generation of antiparasitic drugs. This article reviews the current state of the available literature on chemically defined metabolites of microbial origin that have demonstrated antitrypanosomatidactivity. In this review, bacterial and fungal metabolites are presented; they originate from a range of microorganisms, including cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, and filamentous fungi. We hope to provide a useful overview for future research to identify hits that may become the lead compounds needed to accelerate the discovery of new drugs against trypanosomatids.

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“…With no effective vaccine currently available, chemotherapy is the only mechanism to address leishmaniasis. However, current treatments are limited, consisting of sodium stibogluconate (SSG), amphotericin B (AmpB), paromomycin, and miltefosine [6][7][8][9][10], and these treatments have limitations such as severe side effects [11], high costs, complicated administration routes [12], long treatment courses, and regimental variation in different countries [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectivity and Drug Susceptibility Profiling of Different Leishmania-Host Cell Combinations

et al. 2020

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Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a spectrum of a disease that threatens public health worldwide. Although next-generation therapeutics are urgently needed, the early stage of the drug discovery process is hampered by very low hit rates from intracellular Leishmania phenotypic high-throughput screenings. Designing and applying a physiologically relevant in vitro assay is therefore in high demand. In this study, we characterized the infectivity, morphology, and drug susceptibility of different Leishmania and host cell infection combinations. Primary bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) and differentiated human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells were infected with amastigote or promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani. Regardless of host cell types, amastigotes were generally well phagocytosed and showed high infectivity, whereas promastigotes, especially those of L. donovani, had predominantly remained in the extracellular space. In the drug susceptibility test, miltefosine and sodium stibogluconate (SSG) showed varying ranges of activity with 14 and >10-fold differences in susceptibility, depending on the host-parasite pairs, indicating the importance of assay conditions for evaluating antileishmanial activity. Overall, our results suggest that combinations of Leishmania species, infection forms, and host cells must be carefully optimized to evaluate the activity of potential therapeutic compounds against Leishmania.

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Fungal Metabolites and Leishmaniasis: A Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade

Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade

Microorganisms as a Potential Source of Molecules to Control Trypanosomatid Diseases

Infectivity and Drug Susceptibility Profiling of Different Leishmania-Host Cell Combinations

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