Fungal Pathogens of Plants in the Homogocene

Newcombe, George; Dugan, Frank M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-05042-8_1

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 144 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, blight resistance appears to be genetically determined, somewhat heritable, and shows strong clinal variation, suggesting exaptation. Patterns of exaptation between naïve plants and introduced pathogens are a known phenomenon (reviewed in Newcombe & Dugan, ). Corymbia calophylla has also been shown previously to have resistance to the novel pathogen Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust; formerly Puccinia ) (Zauza et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive variation for growth and resistance to a novel pathogen along climatic gradients in a foundation tree

Ahrens

Mazanec

Paap

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural ecosystems are under pressure from increasing abiotic and biotic stressors, including climate change and novel pathogens, which are putting species at risk of local extinction, and altering community structure, composition and function. Here, we aim to assess adaptive variation in growth and fungal disease resistance within a foundation tree, Corymbia calophylla to determine local adaptation, trait heritability and genetic constraints in adapting to future environments. Two experimental planting sites were established in regions of contrasting rainfall with seed families from 18 populations capturing a wide range of climate origins (~4,000 individuals at each site). Every individual was measured in 2015 and 2016 for growth (height, basal diameter) and disease resistance to a recently introduced leaf blight pathogen (Quambalaria pitereka). Narrow‐sense heritability was estimated along with trait covariation. Trait variation was regressed against climate‐of‐origin, and multivariate models were used to develop predictive maps of growth and disease resistance. Growth and blight resistance traits differed significantly among populations, and these differences were consistent between experimental sites and sampling years. Growth and blight resistance were heritable, and comparisons between trait differentiation (QST) and genetic differentiation (FST) revealed that population differences in height and blight resistance traits are due to divergent natural selection. Traits were significantly correlated with climate‐of‐origin, with cool and wet populations showing the highest levels of growth and blight resistance. These results provide evidence that plants have adaptive growth strategies and pathogen defence strategies. Indeed, the presence of standing genetic variation and trait heritability of growth and blight resistance provide capacity to respond to novel, external pressures. The integration of genetic variation into adaptive management strategies, such as assisted gene migration and seed sourcing, may be used to provide greater resilience for natural ecosystems to both biotic and abiotic stressors.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive variation for growth and resistance to a novel pathogen along climatic gradients in a foundation tree

Ahrens

Mazanec

Paap

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They may provide opportunities to compare a species' realized bioclimatic niche in its native host range with its potential spread in new environments and via host range expansion (McKenzie, ). The spread of white pine blister rust Cronartium ribicola across the North American native range of five needle pines demonstrates that a pathogen may by far exceed previous expectations based on its ‘native’ host range (Newcombe & Dugan, ).…”

Section: Host Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rust fungi and global change

Helfer

2013

New Phytologist

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Rust fungi are important components of ecological communities and in ecosystem function. Their unique life strategies as biotrophic pathogens with complicated life cycles could make them vulnerable to global environmental change. While there are gaps in our knowledge, especially in natural plant–rust systems, this review of the exposure of rust fungi to global change parameters revealed that some host–rust relationships would decline under predicted environmental change scenarios, whereas others would either remain unchanged or become more prevalent. Notably, some graminicolous rusts are negatively affected by higher temperatures and increased concentrations of atmospheric CO2. An increase of atmospheric O3 appears to favour rust diseases on trees but not those on grasses. Combined effects of CO2 and O3 are intermediary. The most important global drivers for the geographical and host plant range expansion and prevalence of rusts, however, are global plant trade, host plant genetic homogenization and the regular occurrence of conducive environmental conditions, especially the availability of moisture. However, while rusts thrive in high‐humidity environments, they can also survive in desert habitats, and as a group their environmental tolerance is large, with no conclusive change in their overall prevalence predictable to date.

show abstract

“…Such resistance is presumably due to resistance mechanisms selected during coevolution with native pathogens but effective against a broad range of species or, more specifically, against phylogenetically close species, including nonnative pathogens (Gilbert & Webb, ; Schulze‐Lefert & Panstruga, ; Freeman et al ., ). Exapted resistance has been found in some tree pathosystems (Junghans et al ., ; Kinloch, ), particularly for introduced pathogens belonging to the same genus as native pathogens (Newcombe & Dugan, ; Pepori et al ., ). In this line, the resistance of Q. robur to E. alphitoides and P. cinnamomi might have evolved under the pressure of native pathogens, such as P. roboris or Phytophthora species that interact with European oaks without causing much damage (Hansen & Delatour, ; Desprez‐Loustau et al , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetics of exapted resistance to two exotic pathogens in pedunculate oak

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exotic pathogens cause severe damage in natural populations in the absence of coevolutionary dynamics with their hosts. However, some resistance to such pathogens may occur in naive populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetics of this so-called 'exapted' resistance to two pathogens of Asian origin (Erysiphe alphitoides and Phytophthora cinnamomi) in European oak.Host-pathogen compatibility was assessed by recording infection success and pathogen growth in a full-sib family of Quercus robur under controlled and natural conditions. Two high-resolution genetic maps anchored on the reference genome were used to study the genetic architecture of resistance and to identify positional candidate genes.Two genomic regions, each containing six strong and stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) accounting for 12-19% of the phenotypic variation, were mainly associated with E. alphitoides infection. Candidate genes, especially genes encoding receptor-like-kinases and galactinol synthases, were identified in these regions. The three QTLs associated with P. cinnamomi infection did not colocate with QTLs found for E. alphitoides.These findings provide evidence that exapted resistance to E. alphitoides and P. cinnamomi is present in Q. robur and suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms involve genes encoding proteins with extracellular signaling functions.

show abstract

Fungal Pathogens of Plants in the Homogocene

Cited by 15 publications

References 144 publications

Adaptive variation for growth and resistance to a novel pathogen along climatic gradients in a foundation tree

Adaptive variation for growth and resistance to a novel pathogen along climatic gradients in a foundation tree

Rust fungi and global change

The genetics of exapted resistance to two exotic pathogens in pedunculate oak

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About