Fungal treatment of cornstalks enhances the delignification and xylan loss during mild alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic digestibility of glucan

Effect of Biological Pretreatment with White-rot Fungus Trametes hirsuta C7784 on Lignin Structure in Carex meyeriana Kunth

“…This is because previous studies have shown that a shorttime bio-treatment yielded little effect on lignocelluloses (Hakala et al 2004;Yu et al 2010). Table 1 illustrates the chemical composition changes of the pretreated sample as compared to the untreated C. meyeriana.…”

Enhanced saccharification of corn straw pretreated by alkali combining crude ligninolytic enzymes

“…The amount of reducing sugar in the reaction supernatants was determined with the 3,5-dinitrosalicylicacid (DNS) reagent. 32 The reducing sugar yield was expressed as percentage of the theoretical maximum sugar yield from the pretreated biomass as shown in the following equation: 38 Sugar yield (% theoretical yield) = mg of reducing sugar by DNS × 0.9 × 100 cellulose + hemicellulose…”

Delignification Process of Agro-Industrial Wastes an Alternative to Obtain Fermentable Carbohydrates for Producing Fuel

“…In addition, the biodelignification has been used before chemical pretreatments (i.e. alkaline/oxidative or mild alkaline) allowing up to 80% lignin reduction (Yu et al, 2010a;Yu et al, 2010b). These results strongly suggest that combination of biological and chemical/physical delignification methods might be a feasible alternative to improves delignification levels and reduces the volume and conditions of the chemical/physical pretreatments, promoting the generation of eco-friendly processes for paper and biofuels companies.…”

“…Although chemical/thermal processes allow good delignification levels, biodelignification has mild reaction conditions, higher product yields, few side reactions, less energy demand, and less reactor requirements to resist pressure and corrosion, which makes the bio-delignification a promissory pre-treatment for the production of biofuels. However, bio-delignification takes much longer than chemical or thermal processes, usually 8-12 weeks (Yu et al, 2010a), showing the importance of exploring new microorganisms, and the improving of culture conditions. Tables 2 and 3 summarize some fungi and bacteria used for bio-delignification of lingocellulosic materials.…”

“…Hence, a selection of a microorganism with a low cellulose activity is an important task. Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Shi et al, 2009), Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Meza et al, 2006), Echinodontium taxodii (Yu et al, 2010b), Euc-1 (Dias et al, 2010), Irpex lacteus (Dias et al, 2010;Yu et al, 2010a), and Pycnoporus sanguineus , have shown high lignin degradation specificity, while significant levels of www.intechopen.com carbohydrate degradation have been reported for Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (Wan & Li, 2010), Gleophyllum trabeum (Fissore et al, 2010), Phlebia brevispora , Phlebia floridensis , Phlebia radiata , and Pleurotus sajor-caju (Kannan et al, 1990). This carbohydrates degradation during biodelignification could also depend on the substrate, since fungi with high lignin selectivity can show carbohydrate lost with certain lignocellulosic materials, as observed for paddy straw that presented cellulose lost with all the white-rot fungi used in the delignification .…”