Fur animal botulism hazard due to feed

Management of Animal Botulism Outbreaks: From Clinical Suspicion to Practical Countermeasures to Prevent or Minimize Outbreaks

“…[22][23][24][25] Fur farm animals (eg, fox, ferret, mink) seem to be susceptible to type C and type C/D toxins, but rare outbreaks due to type A and E toxins have also been reported. 22,26,27 …”

Optimisation of protocol for Clostridium botulinum detection in mink feed

“…Myllykoski et al (26) noticed that most components of mink feed such as pork, poultry, cattle, or fish slaughter by-products contained C. botulinum spores. The estimated number of C. botulinum spores was as high as 6.4 × 10 3 /kg in swine blood used as a feed component.…”

“…The estimated number of C. botulinum spores was as high as 6.4 × 10 3 /kg in swine blood used as a feed component. C. botulinum has also been demonstrated to be present in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and cattle (15,16,26) as well as in the poultry production chain (17). In addition, Baltic herring, which may form up to 20% of the fur animal feed in Finland, frequently contains C. botulinum type E spores (22,23).…”

“…The earliest report of a botulism outbreak in minks was described in 1930 (21). Since this time, numerous outbreaks associated with minks have been noticed; however, the symptoms of this disease have also been described on fox and ferret ranches (26). In mink ranches, botulism outbreaks affect thousands of animals and cause considerable economical losses.…”

Botulism

“…El botulismo por ingestión de alimentos es causada habitualmente por ingestión de toxinas de C.botulinum y otras especies ; una pequeña cantidad de neurotoxina (aproximadamente 30 ng) puede llegar a ser fatal 74 . La vía de contaminación más frecuente es el consumo de alimentos (carne en descomposición, carcasas, conservas en mal estado) o pastos contaminados con la neurotoxina ya producida; es la principal fuente de intoxicación en los animales domésticos 68,70 . La tasa de mortalidad general es de 5-10% 69 , y puede llegar hasta el 80% en los rumiantes 73 .…”