Further opportunities for development of the method for fire origin prognosis

Lipinskas, Donatas; Mačiulaitis, Romualdas

doi:10.1080/13923730.2005.9636361

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The density of wood drops to about 90% of its original value when the temperature exceeds 100 • C, and to about 20% of its original value when the wood is converted to char above 300 • C [3]. It is widely accepted by researchers that the charring rate decreases with increasing density; Schaffer [15], Hadvig [17], Mikkola [13], White and Nordheim [23], Buchanan [3], Kodur and Harmathy [45], Lipinskas and Mačiulaitis [37] and Yang et al [42]. Because charring involves the thermal degradation of wood mass, the charring rate is slower when there is greater mass to degrade.…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material properties and external factors influencing the charring rate of solid wood and glue‐laminated timber

Friquin

2010

Fire and Materials

107

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SUMMARYIn fire design of timber structures the charring rate of the material is a very important property, but the charring rate varies with the conditions in the fire compartment and the characteristics of the wood. Many experiments have been carried out through the years, trying to determine the effect of various properties on the charring rate of wood. This paper gives a summary of the material properties and external factors found in the literature to have the largest influence on the charring rate of exposed wood, i.e. the density, moisture content, chemical composition, grain orientation, permeability, scale effect, thermal exposure, char contraction, char oxidation, oxygen concentration and opening factor, resulting from experiments found in the literature. It has not been possible to determine which properties or factors have the most significant influence on the charring rate of wood, due to large differences between the test conditions and methods, wood species and measurement methods. There is a great need for further testing to determine the relative effect of these properties and factors, and international test methods need to be developed to enable comparison of results from research all over the world. More information about the most important properties and factors can help standardise the calculation of charring of wood, and improve the input to computer models for fire safety design. This will result in more economic fire design of wooden structures, as the calculated residual cross sections will be closer to reality.

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Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipinskas and Mačiulaitis [37] used a one-side heating equipment and the Single Burning Item (SBI) test to show how charring samples can be used for prediction of the onset of fire. and ash (680 kg/m 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material properties and external factors influencing the charring rate of solid wood and glue‐laminated timber

Friquin

2010

Fire and Materials

107

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“…This process and burning wood have been studied extensively by [7,9,11], among other researches. Generally, the charring rate is almost directly dependent on the time.…”

Section: Physical Properties Of Pine Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperatures in parallel or perpendicular wood grain direction: a numerical and experimental study

Fonseca

Barreira

2011

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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The high vulnerability of wood due to accidental conditions requires a rigorous thermal and mechanical assessment. In this work, an experimental and numerical study will be presented to determine the char-layer evolution in pine wood crosssection, submitted at high temperatures due to an anaerobic process. A non-linear thermal and transient analysis will be conducted using the numerical program. A thermal unit and electro ceramic resistances will be used during the experimental program. The evolution of a char-layer by the orientation of different fibres will be determined. The experimental results obtained with several wood samples will be compared using a numerical program with a finite element formulation.

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“…to identify the charring peculiarities of the wood of different species when heating for different periods of time and reaching respectively different temperatures, a special chamber for one-side heating of structures was employed (lukošius 2004;lipinskas, Mačiulaitis 2005). this equipment ensures the simulated one-side heating of the tested specimen up to 950 °C, which is prevailing in most fires.…”

Section: Special One-side Heating Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in case of fire in wooden buildings and constructions made of timber structures, charring timber products seems to be the most noticeable result of combustion. this feature is important for identifying the cause of fire, and therefore necessitates relating the charring of timber products and structures with particular significant effects of fire such as its duration and temperature (lipinskas, Mačiulaitis 2005). fire retarders change inflammation temperature and the charring rate of wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Electrical Capacitance and Electrical Conductivity of Char Resulting From Natural and Treated Wood

Mačiulaitis

Jefimovas

Lipinskas³

2014

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management

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Abstract. Wood is a material widely used for construction purposes and having quite a number of advantages. However, one of the major drawbacks of wood are its flammability. in case of fire in wooden buildings or constructions made of timber structures, the most noticeable feature of combustion is charring these structures. this property is important for identifying the cause of a fire. therefore, it is necessary to relate charring timber structures with certain significant effects of fire such as its duration or temperature. it is also particularly important to identify whether timber has been treated with fire retardant solutions before the fire break-out. the values of electrical capacitance and conductivity for the media obtained from char resulting from natural wood and that treated with fire retardant solutions and dispersed in distilled water depending on heating time have been determined. Moreover, it has been stated that the electric conductivity of char resulting from natural wood is 100 times lower, and the electrical capacitance of such char is 1000 lower than those resulting from treated wood. the regression analysis of the obtained data has been performed. the empirical equations have been derived. the results of the conducted research have been summarised. priority has been given to the application of the method evaluating electrical conductivity.

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Further opportunities for development of the method for fire origin prognosis

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Material properties and external factors influencing the charring rate of solid wood and glue‐laminated timber

Material properties and external factors influencing the charring rate of solid wood and glue‐laminated timber

High temperatures in parallel or perpendicular wood grain direction: a numerical and experimental study

Research on the Electrical Capacitance and Electrical Conductivity of Char Resulting From Natural and Treated Wood

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