Future of testicular germ cell tumor incidence in the United States: Forecast through 2026

Ghazarian, Armen A.; Kelly, Scott P.; Altekruse, Sean F.; Rosenberg, Philip S.; McGlynn, Katherine A.

doi:10.1002/cncr.30597

Cited by 100 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Ghazarian et al . showed in their study that ethnical differences also exist within the United States: High incidence rates are present in the white population (non‐Hispanic), but the strongest increase in TGCT was observed in the Hispanic population (Ghazarian et al ., , ). Aside from these studies, an increase in incidence rates is frequently reported throughout literature with seminoma being more common than non‐seminoma (Zheng et al ., ; Richiardi et al ., ; Chia et al ., ; Ghazarian et al ., ; Smith et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend analysis and regional tumor incidence in Germany for testicular cancer between 2003 and 2014

et al. 2019

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Background: Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is one the most common solid tumors in men between the age of 15 and 35 with an overall incidence rate of 1-1.5 %. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated different incidence patterns in western civilized countries with overall rising incidence trends. Objective: To analyze differences in regional tumor incidence rates for TGCT and perform a trend analysis for TGCT between 2003 and 2014 in Germany. Material and methods: TGCT cases in Germany which were diagnosed between 2003 and 2014 were provided by the Robert-Koch-Institute, Berlin. For statistical analysis, cluster and spatial scan tests according to Kulldorff were used for cases with seminoma and non-seminoma. Results are presented in administrative districts and graphically illustrated. We performed a trend-analysis in order to evaluate age-adjusted incidence trends in Germany. Tests were two-sided with a level of significance of a=0.05. Results: In total we included 35,066 patients. Overall, 22,634 cases had newly diagnosed seminoma and 12,432 were diagnosed as non-seminoma. Maximum incidence of seminoma and non-seminoma was observed for age-group 38-40 years and 26-28 years, respectively. No second peak for the incidences of seminoma and non-seminoma with respect to age were observed. Cluster analysis revealed areas with high and low incidence rates as well as slightly different spatial distribution in Germany between seminoma and nonseminoma. Furthermore, there was no significant increase in age-adjusted incidence rates over the reviewed time period in both cohorts. Discussion: In this study differences in reginal tumor incidence rates for seminoma and non-seminoma are reported with both tumor entities revealing distinct clusters. Furthermore, tumor incidence trends for seminoma and nonseminoma between 2003 and 2014 were stable which might indicate the beginning of a plateau phase for TGCT incidence rates in Germany. Conclusion: In this analysis we were able to identify regions with significantly higher tumor incidence rates for both seminoma and non-seminoma which were specific for these two subtypes. Furthermore, trend analysis revealed a steady incidence rate for testicular cancer in Germany.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend analysis and regional tumor incidence in Germany for testicular cancer between 2003 and 2014

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testicular cancer, including germ cell, Sertoli cell, and Leydig cell tumors, is one of the most common solid tumors in men between 15 and 44 years of age with about 9310 new cases found in the United States annually. 1,2 Chemotherapy with or without surgery and/or radiotherapy combination is an important therapeutic strategy for testicular cancers. 3,4 However, the clinical applications of chemotherapy are limited because of severe side effects, such as cardiovascular diseases and respiratory infections, which lead to a 6% increased risks of noncancer death in long-term testicular cancer survivors after treatments with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cordycepin‐induced unfolded protein response‐dependent cell death, and AKT/MAPK‐mediated drug resistance in mouse testicular tumor cells

et al. 2019

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Testicular cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men at 15‐44 years of age, and radical orchidectomy combined with chemotherapy is currently considered as the standard treatment. However, drugs resistance and side effects that impact the quality of life for patients with testicular cancer have not been markedly improved in recent decades. In this study, we characterized the pharmacological exacerbation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is an effective approach to kill testicular cancer cells, by carrying out a clustering analysis of mRNA expression profiles and the immunobloting examination of cordycepin‐treated MA‐10 cells. The UPR is executed in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress to complement by an apoptotic response if the defect cannot be resolved. Results showed that cordycepin significantly modulated FoxO/P15/P27, PERK‐eIF2α (apoptotic), and the IRE1‐XBP1 (adaptive) UPR pathways. Interestingly, a fraction of MA‐10 cells survived after cordycepin treatment, the AKT, LC3 I/II, and MAPK signaling pathways were highly induced in attached cells as compared to the suspended cells, illustrating the drug resistance to cordycepin via activating AKT and MAPK pathways in MA‐10 cells. In summary, PERK‐eIF2α signaling pathway is required for pro‐apoptotic UPR in MA‐10 cell death following cordycepin treatment, suggesting a potential therapeutic application in treating testicular cancer. However, activation of AKT and MAPK pathways could possibly result in drug resistance to cordycepin in MA‐10 cells.

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“…While our understanding of the most effective treatments for TGCT – even advanced disease – have led to dramatic increases in survival (Trama et al ., ), key aspects of TGCT remain a mystery. Firstly, in general rates of TGCT appear to be increasing steadily over time: (Sincic et al ., ; Le Cornet et al ., ; Znaor et al ., ; Trabert et al ., ; Ghazarian et al ., ; Ministry of Health, ) for example, rates in the United States have been steadily increasing for decades and are projected to continue to do so (Ghazarian et al ., ), while in New Zealand (NZ) the national rate of TGCT has increased from around 2 cases/100,000 males in 1950 to around 8 cases/100,000 males in 2015 (Fig. ) (Ministry of Health, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The puzzling incidence of testicular cancer in New Zealand: what can we learn?

Gurney

2019

Andrology

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Background: Testicular germ cell tumour is the most common cancer to be diagnosed among young men. In New Zealand, we have observed some puzzling trends in the epidemiology of this disease. Methods: We have conducted a narrative review of available evidence regarding the puzzling epidemiology of testicular germ cell tumour in New Zealand and discussed the possible drivers of these trends. Results and discussion: Whereas testicular cancer is most commonly a disease of White men, in New Zealand it is the indigenous M aori population that suffer by far the greatest rate of disease (age-adjusted relative risk: 1.80, 95% CI 1.58-2.05). Even more curiously, the rate of testicular germ cell tumour among M aori men aged 15-44 (28/100,000) is substantially greater than for Pacific Island men (9/100,000), a rare example of divergence between these two populations in terms of the incidence of any disease (cancer or otherwise). Our observations beg the following questions: first, why are rates of testicular germ cell tumour so much higher among M aori New Zealanders compared to the already high rates observed among European/Other New Zealanders? Second, why are rates of testicular germ cell tumour so completely divergent between M aori and Pacific New Zealanders, when these two groups typically move in parallel with respect to the incidence of given diseases? Finally, what might we learn about the factors that cause testicular germ cell tumour in general by answering these questions? Conclusion: This review examines the possible drivers of our observed disparity, discusses their feasibility, and highlights new work that is underway to further understand these drivers.

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Future of testicular germ cell tumor incidence in the United States: Forecast through 2026

Cited by 100 publications

References 52 publications

Trend analysis and regional tumor incidence in Germany for testicular cancer between 2003 and 2014

Trend analysis and regional tumor incidence in Germany for testicular cancer between 2003 and 2014

Cordycepin‐induced unfolded protein response‐dependent cell death, and AKT/MAPK‐mediated drug resistance in mouse testicular tumor cells

The puzzling incidence of testicular cancer in New Zealand: what can we learn?

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