Gall-inducing aphids and mites associated with the hybrid complex of cottonwoods, Populus spp. (Salicaceae) on Canada's grasslands

Floate, Kevin D.

doi:10.3752/9780968932148.ch13

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The lowest concentration of MDA was recorded in galls, and it was almost two-fold lower than in intact leaves. Cell membrane damage, measured as E L from cells, was significantly affected by aphid feeding (F (2,6) = 74.2406, p < 0.001). Electrolyte leakage was similar in intact and galled leaves, and was the highest in the galls, as a two-fold difference between gall tissues and control was measured (Figure 3).…”

Section: Physiological Reaction Of Populusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It feeds near the center of leaf petioles of Populus nigra L., especially on its variety "Italica". It induces a spiral-shaped gall (usually consisting of three spirals) that completely surrounds fundatrix and its offspring [6]. Galls of P. spyrothecae are induced only by a fundatrix which is an extremely specialized and conservative stage [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poplar Tree Response to Feeding by the Petiole Gall Aphid Pemphigus spyrothecae Pass

Kot

Kmieć

2020

Insects

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Pemphigus spyrothecae Pass. which is a member of the subfamily Pemphiginae is one of the gall-inducing aphids that occurs on poplar trees. Phloem feeding of a founding mother on leaf petiole results in the formation of a new organ, i.e., the spiral gall. This study documents aphid development inside the galls during the growing season and the effect of their feeding on leaf architecture and physiology of the host plant. In particular, leaf length, width, and area were measured, as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and the activity of ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were determined in galls and galled leaves. The presence of petiole galls significantly decreased the length, width, and leaf area. Aphid activity increased H2O2 concentration in galls and EL from galls and leaf tissues, which was accompanied by a strong decrease in MDA content and both peroxidase activities, especially in gall tissues. It can be suggested that P. spyrothecae can manipulate physiological machinery of the host plant for its own benefit.

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Section: Physiological Reaction Of Populusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poplar Tree Response to Feeding by the Petiole Gall Aphid Pemphigus spyrothecae Pass

Kot

Kmieć

2020

Insects

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“…M. vagabunda has been recorded completing its life cycle on several species of Populus including P. deltoides and P. tremuloides (Floate, 2010). Although the aphid's life history has been documented, little is known about the influence of host plant genetics on gall formation or resistance to feeding (Floate, 2010; Ignoffo & Granovsky, 1961a). We detected a QTL on Chr05 in which alleles inherited from P. deltoides were positively associated with gall occurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host plant genetic control of associated fungal and insect species in a Populus hybrid cross

Simon

Tschaplinski

LeBoldus

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Plants employ a diverse set of defense mechanisms to mediate interactions with insects and fungi. These relationships can leave lasting impacts on host plant genome structure such as rapid expansion of gene families through tandem duplication. These genomic signatures provide important clues about the complexities of plant/biotic stress interactions and evolution. We used a pseudo‐backcross hybrid family to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling associations between Populus trees and several common Populus diseases and insects. Using whole‐genome sequences from each parent, we identified candidate genes that may mediate these interactions. Candidates were partially validated using mass spectrometry to identify corresponding QTL for defensive compounds. We detected significant QTL for two interacting fungal pathogens and three insects. The QTL intervals contained candidate genes potentially involved in physical and chemical mechanisms of host–plant resistance and susceptibility. In particular, we identified adjoining QTLs for a phenolic glycoside and Phyllocolpa sawfly abundance. There was also significant enrichment of recent tandem duplications in the genomic intervals of the native parent, but not the exotic parent. Tandem gene duplication may be an important mechanism for rapid response to biotic stressors, enabling trees with long juvenile periods to reach maturity despite many coevolving biotic stressors.

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“…The final gall structure may be complex and present a refined tissue organisation with neoformations, while simpler galls are generally parenchymatic, have poor tissue organisation and are structurally similar to non-galled organs (Floate 2010). Some galls may present an intermediate complexity pattern with a refined metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity and similarity among gall morphotypes on a superhost, Baccharis reticularia (Asteraceae)

et al. 2014

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Understanding factors that modulate plant development is still a challenging task in plant biology. Although research has highlighted the role of abiotic and biotic factors in determining final plant structure, we know little of how these factors combine to produce specific developmental patterns. Here, we studied patterns of cell and tissue organisation in galled and non-galled organs of Baccharis reticularia, a Neotropical shrub that hosts over ten species of galling insects. We employed qualitative and quantitative approaches to understand patterns of growth and differentiation in its four most abundant gall morphotypes. We compared two leaf galls induced by sap-sucking Hemiptera and stem galls induced by a Lepidopteran and a Dipteran, Cecidomyiidae. The hypotheses tested were: (i) the more complex the galls, the more distinct they are from their non-galled host; (ii) galls induced on less plastic host organs, e.g. stems, develop under more morphogenetic constraints and, therefore, should be more similar among themselves than galls induced on more plastic organs. We also evaluated the plant sex preference of gall-inducing insects for oviposition. Simple galls were qualitative and quantitatively more similar to non-galled organs than complex galls, thereby supporting the first hypothesis. Unexpectedly, stem galls had more similarities between them than to their host organ, hence only partially supporting the second hypothesis. Similarity among stem galls may be caused by the restrictive pattern of host stems. The opposite trend was observed for host leaves, which generate either similar or distinct gall morphotypes due to their higher phenotypic plasticity. The Relative Distance of Plasticity Index for non-galled stems and stem galls ranged from 0.02 to 0.42. Our results strongly suggest that both tissue plasticity and gall inducer identity interact to determine plant developmental patterns, and therefore, final gall structure.

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Gall-inducing aphids and mites associated with the hybrid complex of cottonwoods, Populus spp. (Salicaceae) on Canada's grasslands

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Poplar Tree Response to Feeding by the Petiole Gall Aphid Pemphigus spyrothecae Pass

Poplar Tree Response to Feeding by the Petiole Gall Aphid Pemphigus spyrothecae Pass

Host plant genetic control of associated fungal and insect species in a Populus hybrid cross

Phenotypic plasticity and similarity among gall morphotypes on a superhost, Baccharis reticularia (Asteraceae)

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