Gallic Acid Enriched Fraction ofPhyllanthus emblicaPotentiates Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer Healing via e-NOS-Dependent Pathway

Abstract

The healing activity of gallic acid enriched ethanolic extract (GAE) of Phyllanthus emblica fruits (amla) against the indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in mice was investigated. The activity was correlated with the ability of GAE to alter the cyclooxygenase- (COX-) dependent healing pathways. Histology of the stomach tissues revealed maximum ulceration on the 3rd day after indomethacin (18 mg/kg, single dose) administration that was associated with significant increase in inflammatory factors, namely, mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) expression. Proangiogenic parameters such as the levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), von Willebrand Factor VIII, and endothelial NOS (e-NOS) were downregulated by indomethacin. Treatment with GAE (5 mg/kg/day) and omeprazole (3 mg/kg/day) for 3 days led to effective healing of the acute ulceration, while GAE could reverse the indomethacin-induced proinflammatory changes of the designated biochemical parameters. The ulcer healing activity of GAE was, however, compromised by coadministration of the nonspecific NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), but not the i-NOS-specific inhibitor, L-N6-(1-iminoethyl) lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL). Taken together, these results suggested that the GAE treatment accelerates ulcer healing by inducing PGE2 synthesis and augmenting e-NOS/i-NOS ratio.

Herbal Remedy: An Alternate Therapy of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Induced Gastric Ulcer Healing

“…Our previous report presents that ethanolic extract of fruits of P. emblica showed antiulcer activity at a dose dependent manner mainly through its antioxidative properties by modulation of IL-10 level [71]. We have also reported that a fraction of the active component of ethanolic extract of fruits of P. emblica showed antiulcer activity by modulation of COX [72] or NOS pathway [73].…”

Quercetin attenuates, indomethacin-induced acute gastric ulcer in rats

“…The SOD was estimated based on the generation of superoxide radicals produced by xanthine and xanthine oxidase, which react with nitro blue tetrazolium to form Formosan dye. The SOD activity was then measured at 560 nm by the degree of inhibition of this reaction and was expressed as mmol/min/mg tissue [12].…”

Evaluation of gastric motility of Phyllanthus emblica and Asparagus racemosus in cold stress induced gastric damage

“…12 Also, A. racemosus has shown to heal duodenal ulcers without inhibiting acid secretion which indicates that it may have cytoprotective action similar to that of prostaglandin. 8 The effect of increase in gastric motility by Phyllanthus emblica and Asparagus racemosus can also be explained by its effect on prostaglandin.…”