Gambling expenditure predicts harm: evidence from a venue-level study

Markham, Francis; Young, Martin; Doran, Bruce

doi:10.1111/add.12595

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…1 A significant positive association exists between the availability of gambling opportunities and gamblingrelated harm. [2][3][4] As new gambling opportunities are emerging (including online gambling and electronic gaming machines), gambling disorder is a growing public health concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty exposure causes behavioural sensitization and increases risky decision-making in male rats: toward modelling gambling disorder

Zeeb

Fisher

et al. 2017

JPN

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty exposure causes behavioural sensitization and increases risky decision-making in male rats: toward modelling gambling disorder

Zeeb

Fisher

et al. 2017

JPN

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“…On the other hand, problem gamblers placed a stronger emphasis on privacy while gambling, on having a wide variety of games available to play, and playing in large and spacious venues. This preference for larger gambling spaces is notable, as it aligns with evidence that gambling in larger venues may promote more intensive gambling (Markham et al 2014;Rockloff et al 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Environmental Factors in the Choice of EGMs: A Discrete Choice Experiment

et al. 2016

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EGMs are a form of entertainment, and the gambling environment is an important contributor to the overall experience. Logically, to select a play-environment, EGM gamblers must choose the platform through which to access the EGM (e.g., internet, mobile application or land-based venue), a particular provider (e.g., specific website, app vendor or branded casino), and the game itself (e.g., based on graphical theme or bonus features; Thorne et al. in J Gambl Stud, 2016. doi: 10.1007/s10899-016-9601-2 ). A discrete choice experiment was conducted to identify the features of the platform, provider and game that are most strongly preferred by EGM gamblers. Participants were 245 EGM gamblers from clubs in Victoria, Australia and 7516 EGM gamblers from an Australian online panel. Results indicate that the ideal environment for the average gambler consists of: gambling at a club that is close to home; with a group of friends; in a relatively quiet place that has air conditioning, cheap food and a large space to play in; on a classic game with quality animations and small bet sizes; where you feel safe and secure; and where there is a wide variety of other games to play when you are done. Segmenting these results by problem-gambler status highlights important differences in preferences between problem and non-problem gamblers. Problem gamblers are less likely to give weight to the company they share and have a preference for larger venues. Using a powerful paradigm from marketing research, the present study was able to determine the relative value of different features of the EGM gambling environment, and also contributes important insight towards what constitutes a safer environment for recreational play.

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“…EGM gambling losses are correlated with risk of developing gambling problems for individuals [23] and for populations aggregated by county, school or gambling venue [4, 5]. The present study adds to the weight of evidence that an increase in population losses on EGMs is associated with an increase in the prevalence of problem gambling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…These studies did not specifically examine gambling-related harms, a shortcoming addressed by both Hansen and Rossow [4] and Markham et al [5]. Hansen and Rossow examined problem gambling among Norwegian adolescents grouped by school, and found a strong correlation among schools between average losses on slot machines and the reported prevalence of problem-gambling symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-regression analysis of 41 Australian problem gambling prevalence estimates and their relationship to total spending on electronic gaming machines

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMany jurisdictions regularly conduct surveys to estimate the prevalence of problem gambling in their adult populations. However, the comparison of such estimates is problematic due to methodological variations between studies. Total consumption theory suggests that an association between mean electronic gaming machine (EGM) and casino gambling losses and problem gambling prevalence estimates may exist. If this is the case, then changes in EGM losses may be used as a proxy indicator for changes in problem gambling prevalence. To test for this association this study examines the relationship between aggregated losses on electronic gaming machines (EGMs) and problem gambling prevalence estimates for Australian states and territories between 1994 and 2016.MethodsA Bayesian meta-regression analysis of 41 cross-sectional problem gambling prevalence estimates was undertaken using EGM gambling losses, year of survey and methodological variations as predictor variables. General population studies of adults in Australian states and territory published before 1 July 2016 were considered in scope. 41 studies were identified, with a total of 267,367 participants. Problem gambling prevalence, moderate-risk problem gambling prevalence, problem gambling screen, administration mode and frequency threshold were extracted from surveys. Administrative data on EGM and casino gambling loss data were extracted from government reports and expressed as the proportion of household disposable income lost.ResultsMoney lost on EGMs is correlated with problem gambling prevalence. An increase of 1% of household disposable income lost on EGMs and in casinos was associated with problem gambling prevalence estimates that were 1.33 times higher [95% credible interval 1.04, 1.71]. There was no clear association between EGM losses and moderate-risk problem gambling prevalence estimates. Moderate-risk problem gambling prevalence estimates were not explained by the models (I 2 ≥ 0.97; R 2 ≤ 0.01).ConclusionsThe present study adds to the weight of evidence that EGM losses are associated with the prevalence of problem gambling. No patterns were evident among moderate-risk problem gambling prevalence estimates, suggesting that this measure is either subject to pronounced measurement error or lacks construct validity. The high degree of residual heterogeneity raises questions about the validity of comparing problem gambling prevalence estimates, even after adjusting for methodological variations between studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4413-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Gambling expenditure predicts harm: evidence from a venue-level study

Abstract: As suggested by the Total Consumption Theory of gambling, aggregate patron electronic gaming machine expenditure predicts the prevalence of gambling-related harm at the venue level.

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Uncertainty exposure causes behavioural sensitization and increases risky decision-making in male rats: toward modelling gambling disorder

Uncertainty exposure causes behavioural sensitization and increases risky decision-making in male rats: toward modelling gambling disorder

Environmental Factors in the Choice of EGMs: A Discrete Choice Experiment

A meta-regression analysis of 41 Australian problem gambling prevalence estimates and their relationship to total spending on electronic gaming machines

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