Ganoderma lucidum beta 1,3/1,6 glucan as an immunomodulator in inflammation induced by a high-cholesterol diet

Abstract

BackgroundBinding of beta 1,3/1,6 glucan of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) with the receptor results in a series of signal transfers (signalling cascades), which activates the transcription factors for regulating inflammation. Excess cholesterol intake leads to an increase in the distance between fat cells and capillaries, which may cause hypoxia in the fat tissue of obese mice. This hypoxia induces the death of fat cells, resulting in the inflammation of adipose tissue or an increase in the inflammatory gene expression associated with obesity.MethodsThe current study examined the immunomodulation effect of G. lucidum beta 1,3/1,6 glucan according to immunoglobulin, poly-Ig receptor expression, Nature Killer cell (NK cell) activity, lymphocytes proliferation and cytokines expression.ResultsOur present study shows that feeding G. lucidum beta 1,3/1,6 glucan to mice induces IgA or IgG expression in the serum and small intestine washing fluid and enhances poly-Ig receptor expression in the small intestine moreover, the observation of the IL-2 and Nature killer cell activity were exchanged.ConclusionsThe effect of a high-cholesterol diet in the inflammatory response was observed in heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and colon tissues through histopathological evaluations. The presented evidence demonstrates that the inflammation response in the high-cholesterol diet group was much higher than in the other groups and the beta 1,3/1,6 glucan reduces inflammation in obese mice fed a high-cholesterol diet.

The Effect of Mushroom Extracts on Human Platelet and Blood Coagulation: In vitro Screening of Eight Edible Species

“…Nevertheless, if one considers that it did not reveal any significant effect on blood pressure and could also exert a toxic effect on platelets and other cellular blood components, its use in CVD prevention can be excluded. Yet, this by no means discredits the immunomodulatory and potential anticancer activities of polysaccharides such as the water-soluble 1,3-β-and 1,6-β-glucans isolated from G. lucidum [58,59]. The cytotoxic effect observed in the present study should be attributed to the triterpenoids, which are broadly represented in G. lucidum fruiting bodies.…”

A Critical Review on Health Promoting Benefits of Edible Mushrooms through Gut Microbiota

“…G. lucidum polysaccharides also protect fibroblasts against UVB-induced photoaging [ 15 ]. G. lucidum also showed strong anti-inflammatory activity and it acted as an immunomodulator in inflammation induced by a high-cholesterol diet [ 16 ]. The recent advancement in research has shown the link between gut microbiota and treatment of various ailments.…”

β-glucans and cholesterol (Review)

“…Previous studies on a hamster model of hypercholesterolemia using β-glucans isolated from oat and barley also identified that they induce beneficial hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects ( 128 , 129 ). Another study found that β-glucan treatment reduced the inflammation induced by a diet high in cholesterol ( 130 ). In a rat experimental model, β-glucans reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride and malondialdehyde levels by 42% ( 131 ).…”