Gap bridging of 6061 aluminum alloy joints welded by variable-polarity cold metal transfer

Li, Guojin; Zhang, Peilei; Wu, Xi; Nie, Yunpeng; Yu, Zhishui; Yan, Hua; Lu, Qinghua

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.01.004

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The overall energy absorption of the DW mode weld's fracture propagation stage was significantly higher. 64 For 6061 aluminum alloy joints, the effect of gap width on weld properties was investigated by Guojin et al 65 The effect of a number of factors on the development of welds, as well as the methodologies that activate the C + A patterns, on gap-bridging performance, was also investigated. Both tests used, an Al-6061 as base metal with a filler material of ER4043.…”

Section: Cmt Welding For Similar Metal Joiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The required standards for different gap spacing were established after a series of experiments. The tension concentration in the weld 65 root can increase as the gap diameter widens. Because of the various wire offsets, the arc's heat contribution to the lower plate is different, so as a whole, the intrusion is distinct.…”

Section: Cmt Welding For Similar Metal Joiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive survey on the cold metal transfer process in welding similar and dissimilar materials and for cladding

Shanker

Wattal

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The growing use of aluminum in a variety of industries is driving technologists to create practical and effective techniques and processes for joining aluminum alloys. The main aim of this artifact is to critically review and examine the maturity of welding for comparable and differing materials and also for cladding using Cold Metal Transfer. CMT, which stands for Cold Metal Transfer in the acronym, is a modified MIG welding technique. The CMT and its modes are used in similar and dissimilar welding of Al as well as its alloys of 2xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series, and with other materials is discussed in detail and compared with other joining methods. The recent advancements in this field with enhanced mechanical properties of Al alloys, as well as high-performance welding techniques, are discussed in this article. The mechanical and microstructural properties of weld like weld strength, microhardness, corrosion behavior, surface morphology, ductility, and fracture mechanism were used to assess the efficiency of the weld. The following aspects of weld bead surface consistency are investigated in terms of bead uniformity along the welding path, bead surface smoothness, and spattering strength. The effort is made to conclude the welding system which is free from all welding flaws, like gas porosity, spattering, and intermetallic formation, resulting in welded joints with the highest mechanical properties. CMT as an advanced welding approach has gained a significant attraction from researchers in investigating it for the cladding process. The geometric and microstructural properties of a clad-like microhardness assessment, and corrosion resistance analyses were used to evaluate the applicability of CMT in the cladding process.

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Section: Cmt Welding For Similar Metal Joiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cmt Welding For Similar Metal Joiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive survey on the cold metal transfer process in welding similar and dissimilar materials and for cladding

Shanker

Wattal

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…However, the difference in current was very small so that the droplet size was nearly the same when the polarity switched to negative phase. Guojin Li et al [7] have calculated the droplet size of different polarity and obtained a relationship between different polarities, that is: V cp = 1.024V c , V cn = 1.65V c , where V c is the volume for CMT mode, V cn is the volume for negative phase, and V cp is the volume of droplet for positive phase. The droplet size during negative cycle was larger than the size during positive phase.…”

Section: Arc Behavior and Droplet Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive/negative polarity would change in the short-circuit phase. Guojin Li et al [7] were able to use the same parameters for different gap width and successfully achieved satisfactory mechanical strength in all weld joins which demonstrated an excellent gap bridging ability through this VPCMT. Cong et al [8] found that variable polarity cold metal transfer could reduce the porosity of weld seams with appropriate combination of parameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of positive/negative electrode ratio on cold metal transfer welding of 6061 aluminum alloy

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2019

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Variable polarity cold metal transfer (VPCMT) is a newly developed welding process and has drawn extensive interests because of its potential in further reducing the heat input, offering greater gap bridging ability, and improving the deposition rate. Using 6061 aluminum alloy as an example, this paper systematically investigated the influences of the key parameter in VPCMT, i.e., "positive/negative electrodes ratio (EP/EN Balance)," on weld formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties. It was found that, with the increase of the EP/EN Balance value, the duty cycle of the negative phase was reduced but the peak current and maximum temperature of the weld pool were both increased resulting in a higher heat input. The positive/negative electrode ratio had little impact on the grain misorientation angle in the fusion zone. Hardness of the joint was higher with larger positive duty cycles because of the precipitate phase and small grain size. An increased negative duty cycle resulted in lower heat input leading to insufficient melting of the material and deterioration of the mechanical strength of the welds.

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“…[ 29 ] Currently, the most widely used heat sources for arc AM are as follows: gas tungsten arc‐based welding (GTAW), gas metal‐based arc welding (GMAW), plasma arc‐based welding (PAW), and cold metal transfer (CMT). [ 17 ] Nowadays, WAAM technology is widely used in aluminum alloy, [ 8,30–34 ] Ti6Al4V, [ 35–38 ] stainless steel, [ 26,39–41 ] and nickel base alloy. [ 3,4,7,9,42–47 ] Such as Zhang et al [ 8 ] studied the evolution of microstructure structure and mechanical properties of Al–6Mg alloy in the manufacture using variable polarity CMT arc as a power source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thick‐Walled Inconel 625 Alloy Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacture with Different Torch Paths

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Adv Eng Mater

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Wire arc additive manufacture (WAAM) technology has attracted more and more attention. WAAM technology provides a way to manufacture a large‐scale part at a low cost and with less material loss. Inconel 625 alloys are widely used for their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is important to investigate the performance of Inconel 625 alloy in WAAM. Herein, cold metal transfer (CMT) arc is used as the heat source to fabricate thick‐walled parts of Inconel 625 alloy by WAAM, and study the difference between microstructure and mechanical properties under the different torch trajectories. The result shows that the grains inside the parts are all thick dendrites and show the trend of epitaxial growth. The thermal input of the oscillation additive is higher than the two‐pass multilayer additives, and the Laves phase also precipitated more. The maximum tensile strength occurs in parallel sampling close to the substrate, which is 693.5 ± 12.6 and 751.2 ± 17.6 MPa in oscillation and two‐pass multilayer modes, respectively. The maximum elongation is obtained in the vertical direction is 60 ± 1.0% and 60 ± 1.1%. The anisotropies are 4% and 4.5%, respectively. The maximum hardness value under the two torch trajectories also appears close to the substrate.

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Gap bridging of 6061 aluminum alloy joints welded by variable-polarity cold metal transfer

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

A comprehensive survey on the cold metal transfer process in welding similar and dissimilar materials and for cladding

A comprehensive survey on the cold metal transfer process in welding similar and dissimilar materials and for cladding

Effect of positive/negative electrode ratio on cold metal transfer welding of 6061 aluminum alloy

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thick‐Walled Inconel 625 Alloy Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacture with Different Torch Paths

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