Gas chromatography with atomic emission detection as an aid in the identification of chemical warfare related material

Speciation Analysis of Non-Metallic Elements Using Plasma-Based Atomic Spectrometry for Detection

“…As was described earlier, the sequential detection of halogenated species was performed by using the coupled technique, GC-ECD-ICP-MS (gas chromatography with electron capture detector coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer). The authors compared the detection limits 1999 Nerve agents S Nerve agent mix GC-MIP-OES --- [89] 1998…”

“…Stuff and coworkers [89] coupled gas chromatography with MIP-AED for identification of phosphorus and sulfur containing nerve agents. Five nerve agents isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB), ethyl N,N-diemthylamidocyanidate (GA), pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GD), cyclohexy methyl-fluorophosphonate (GF), O-ethyl-s-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl0methyl phosphonothiolate (VX) were separated and identified by GC-MIP-AED system monitoring phosphorus at 186 nm and sulfur at 181 nm.…”

Some unique properties of gas chromatography coupled with atomic-emission detection

“…Time-consuming determination of individual response factors would not be required, which would make it unnecessary to obtain and deal with all the analytes in the pure form. This is a particularly pleasing aspect when dealing with highly toxic substances such as phosgene [4], chemical warfare-related materials [5], or polychlorinated dibenzodioxins [6].…”

“…In a study of chemical-warfare agents an attempt was made to establish the elemental composition of nine phosphonofluoridates using three calibrating compounds of similar structure. Despite this chemical similarity quite different results were obtained from the three standardson the basis of the average response from the standards the number of hydrogen atoms calculated was ±3 of the actual value, for phosphorus it was ±0.5, for oxygen ±1, and for fluorine ±0.9 [5]. It has been stressed that if the reference compounds are closely related to the unknowns the error is only a few percent [49].…”

Atomic Spectrometry Update. Advances in atomic emission, absorption, and fluorescence spectrometry, and related techniques

“…619 The determination of compounds containing hetero-atoms is the other major application of GC-MIP-AES that usually dominates the literature, and this year was no exception, with applications detailing the selective detection of Cl-, S-, N-, P-, O-, As-, F-, Br-and I-containing compounds. [620][621][622][623][624][625][626] Of particular note was: the coupling of a programmable pyrolyzer with MIP-AES and MS for the analysis of pressure sensitive adhesives in adhesive tapes, 627 such that additives were selectively identified by the combined analysis of the two pyrograms; determination of compounds in nerve agents 624 and chemical warfare agents, 625 wherein the element selective nature of the detection allowed the analytes to be quantified even if no standards were available or were too dangerous to use; determination of methyl sulfonyl PCB and DDE in grey seal tissues; 622 and multi-element detection during simulated distillation of diesel oil, 621 resulting in LOD of 0.002 and 0.04% for S and N at 181.379 and 174.2 nm, respectively.…”