Gas vesicles in actinomycetes: old buoys in novel habitats?

Keulen, Geertje van; Hopwood, David A.; Dijkhuizen, Lubbert; Sawers, R. Gary

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.06.006

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Putative gene clusters for gas vesicle synthesis are duplicated in S. coelicolor A3(2) (SCO0649 to SCO0658 and SCO6499 to SCO6508) and triplicated in S. avermitilis (SAV599 to SAV591, SAV1890 to SAV1881, and SAV2356 to SAV2347) but are never found in S. griseus. Although the role of gas vesicle proteins in the complex biology of Streptomyces has been discussed (40,42), these proteins do not seem to be essential in Streptomyces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequence of the Streptomycin-Producing MicroorganismStreptomyces griseusIFO 13350

et al. 2008

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We determined the complete genome sequence of Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350, a soil bacterium producing an antituberculosis agent, streptomycin, which is the first aminoglycoside antibiotic, discovered more than 60 years ago. The linear chromosome consists of 8,545,929 base pairs (bp), with an average G؉C content of 72.2%, predicting 7,138 open reading frames, six rRNA operons (16S-23S-5S), and 66 tRNA genes. It contains extremely long terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of 132,910 bp each. The telomere's nucleotide sequence and secondary structure, consisting of several palindromes with a loop sequence of 5-GGA-3, are different from those of typical telomeres conserved among other Streptomyces species. In accordance with the difference, the chromosome has pseudogenes for a conserved terminal protein (Tpg) and a telomere-associated protein (Tap), and a novel pair of Tpg and Tap proteins is instead encoded by the TIRs. Comparisons with the genomes of two related species, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces avermitilis, clarified not only the characteristics of the S. griseus genome but also the existence of 24 Streptomyces-specific proteins. The S. griseus genome contains 34 gene clusters or genes for the biosynthesis of known or unknown secondary metabolites. Transcriptome analysis using a DNA microarray showed that at least four of these clusters, in addition to the streptomycin biosynthesis gene cluster, were activated directly or indirectly by AdpA, which is a central transcriptional activator for secondary metabolism and morphogenesis in the A-factor (a ␥-butyrolactone signaling molecule) regulatory cascade in S. griseus.The gram-positive, soil-inhabiting, filamentous bacterial genus Streptomyces is characterized by its ability to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, parasiticides, herbicides, and pharmacologically active substances, including antitumor agents and immunosuppressants. Another characteristic feature of the genus is its complex multicellular development. Spores germinate to form a branched, multinucleoid substrate mycelium, which then produces an aerial mycelium. After septa have been formed at regular intervals along the aerial hyphae, long chains of uninucleoid spores are formed. Because of its complex morphogenesis and industrial and medical importance, Streptomyces has become a model prokaryote for the study of multicellular differentiation and secondary metabolism. The complete genomic sequences of two Streptomyces species, a model strain, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (3), and an industrial strain, Streptomyces avermitilis (20, 36), have been published.Unlike most other eubacterial chromosomes, the chromosome of Streptomyces is linear and contains a centrally located origin of replication (oriC) and unique terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) with terminal proteins (Tpgs) covalently bound to the 5Ј ends. Replication proceeds bidirectionally from oriC, and a terminal single-stranded gap on the discontinuous lagging strand is filled in by DNA synthesis ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequence of the Streptomycin-Producing MicroorganismStreptomyces griseusIFO 13350

et al. 2008

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“…Analysis of B. megaterium genome sequences strongly indicates that it is welladapted to an aquatic lifestyle, since it possesses genes for the formation of gas vesicles. These intracellular structures are often found in marine microorganisms and function as flotation devices, allowing the bacterium to float up and down by adjusting the gas pressure inside the gas vesicle (60). The genome of B. megaterium QM B1551 has two gas vesicleforming operons (Fig.…”

Section: Vol 193 2011 Genome Sequences Of B Megaterium Qm B1551 Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This gene cluster was previously discovered in B. megaterium strain VT1660, and its functional expression in E. coli renders this bacterium buoyant (33). It should be noted that genes for gas vesicles have been found in genomes of many microorganisms that do not typically live in aquatic habitats, fostering discussions on the physiological function of these floating devices (60). The proteins involved in gas vesicle formation in B. megaterium show a phylogenetic relationship far outside the Bacillus group and are related to proteins present in aquatic Cyanobacteria but also in members of Archaea.…”

Section: Vol 193 2011 Genome Sequences Of B Megaterium Qm B1551 Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequences of the Biotechnologically Important Bacillus megaterium Strains QM B1551 and DSM319

et al. 2011

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Bacillus megaterium is deep-rooted in the Bacillus phylogeny, making it an evolutionarily key species and of particular importance in understanding genome evolution, dynamics, and plasticity in the bacilli. B. megaterium is a commercially available, nonpathogenic host for the biotechnological production of several substances, including vitamin B 12 , penicillin acylase, and amylases. Here, we report the analysis of the first complete genome sequences of two important B. megaterium strains, the plasmidless strain DSM319 and QM B1551, which harbors seven indigenous plasmids. The 5.1-Mbp chromosome carries approximately 5,300 genes, while QM B1551 plasmids represent a combined 417 kb and 523 genes, one of the largest plasmid arrays sequenced in a single bacterial strain. We have documented extensive gene transfer between the plasmids and the chromosome. Each strain carries roughly 300 strain-specific chromosomal genes that account for differences in their experimentally confirmed phenotypes. B. megaterium is able to synthesize vitamin B 12 through an oxygen-independent adenosylcobalamin pathway, which together with other key energetic and metabolic pathways has now been fully reconstructed. Other novel genes include a second ftsZ gene, which may be responsible for the large cell size of members of this species, as well as genes for gas vesicles, a second ␤-galactosidase gene, and most but not all of the genes needed for genetic competence. Comprehensive analyses of the global Bacillus gene pool showed that only an asymmetric region around the origin of replication was syntenic across the genus. This appears to be a characteristic feature of the Bacillus spp. genome architecture and may be key to their sporulating lifestyle.

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“…The expression of other genes with previously characterized roles in stress responses, including hspR (SCO3668), the dnaJ chaperone (SCO3669) (22), gene set SCO1864-66 (ectoine biosynthesis) (23), gas vesicles (SCO0649-655) (24), and sigma factors sigJ, sigK, and sigM (22), was significantly reduced in the dasR mutant strain of S. coelicolor A3(2) grown in soil, indicating that DasR is also involved in the expression of these genes (Fig. 4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chitin-Induced Gene Expression in Secondary Metabolic Pathways of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Grown in Soil

Nazari

Kobayashi

Saito

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Gas vesicles in actinomycetes: old buoys in novel habitats?

Cited by 46 publications

References 23 publications

Genome Sequence of the Streptomycin-Producing MicroorganismStreptomyces griseusIFO 13350

Genome Sequence of the Streptomycin-Producing MicroorganismStreptomyces griseusIFO 13350

Genome Sequences of the Biotechnologically Important Bacillus megaterium Strains QM B1551 and DSM319

Chitin-Induced Gene Expression in Secondary Metabolic Pathways of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Grown in Soil

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