Gasoline Vapor Exposures. Part I. Characterization of Workplace Exposures

Abstract

Monitoring surveys of gasoline vapor exposures were conducted on truck drivers and terminal operators from five terminal loading facilities, on dockmen and seamen at two tanker/barge loading facilities, and on attendants at a single expressway service plaza. Results revealed wide variations in total C6+ hydrocarbon exposures for each location, with overall 8-hr time-weighted averaged (TWA) geometric means of 5.7 mg/m3 (1.4 ppm) for the terminals, and 4.0 mg/m3 (1.0 ppm) for the service plaza, respectively. The exposures ranged from 0.8 to 120.8 mg/m3 (0.2-30.1 ppm) for the terminals, and from 1.1 to 130.3 mg/m3 (0.3-32.5 ppm) for the service plaza. For the terminals, exposures were not significantly different regardless of loading method or the presence or absence of vapor recovery systems. Comprehensive chemical analyses of terminal employee exposure samples revealed that the C4 and C5 hydrocarbon components constituted 74.8 +/- 9.2% of the total exposure sample on a microgram/sample basis. The C6, C7, and C8+ components constituted 13.0 +/- 1.9, 6.2 +/- 3.0, and 5.9 +/- 7.2% of the total samples, respectively. Comprehensive analyses of the marine employee exposure samples resulted in a similar distribution of components; that is, 66.6 +/- 7.9, 17.5 +/- 4.7, 9.2 +/- 3.1, and 6.4 +/- 1.9% for the C4/C5, C6, C7, and C8+ components, respectively. The composition of the exposures, however, was weighted more toward the C5, C6 and C7 components when compared to the bulk terminal employee exposures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Airborne concentrations of benzene for dock workers at the ExxonMobil refinery and chemical plant, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (1977–2005)

“…Limited information regarding the potential benzene exposure associated with dock tasks has been reported (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). These papers reported potential exposure sources at docks, including venting of displaced vapors during material transfers, spills, and clothing contamination from contact or splashes (21).…”

“…These data were used to characterize potential exposures during Baton Rouge dock tasks typically performed by two contractor job titles (gauging/inspection and tankerman) and four Prior to this study, no extensive analysis of historical industrial hygiene data for refinery dock workers had been performed, and, in particular, none had focused on the airborne concentrations in the workplace at specific refineries or for specific tasks. The previously published dock worker analyses (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)20) addressed short study periods, small sample sizes, and lacked analyses that associated measurement results with the job titles and key tasks performed at the dock facilities. The analysis by task bin is unique to this study, as other dock worker studies have focused primarily on long-term exposure estimates.…”

An evidence-based analysis of epidemiologic associations between lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers and occupational exposure to gasoline

“…[18][19][20][21][22] Many studies have examined the various job types and tasks that involve higher exposures to gasoline vapors in the workplace. 16,17,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] A summary of temporal trends in gasoline vapor and benzene exposures for selected job groups with higher full-shift measurements at European petroleum production and distribution facilities is provided in Table 2. -17,32,33 Each of the studied job types involves daily exposures to higher concentrations of gasoline vapors during loading or other transfer procedures, and two trends are readily apparent.…”

Occupational Exposure Aspects of Gasoline Vapor According to the Use of a Gasoline Vapor Recovery System

“…혼합물질인 가솔린의 농도계산 과정에서 필요한 각 벌크시료의 비중을 구하기 위해 전자식 천칭 (OHAUS, USA)을 이용하여 직접 비중을 구하였고, 가솔린의 분자량은 선행된 연구에서 얻어진 73 g THC/mole을 사용하였다(Halder et al, 1986). 3) 통계분석 자료의 통계학적 분석은 SAS 9.2(SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) 데이터 통계 프로그램을 이용 하였다.…”