One of the persistent problems facing corporate governance is the increasing shift toward knowledge-intensive organisations. This article focuses on the fiduciary responsibility of corporate governance for creating, developing, and leveraging the intellectual capital existing and embedded in the people, structures, and processes of the firm. Research and practice, traditionally concerned with governance responsibility for financial and physical capitals, has not much focused on the relations between governance and intellectual capital. Here, the authors' intellectual capital paradigm is overlayered on a recent taxonomy of systems and features of corporate governance. The result is an explication of the role and characteristics of corporate governance in relation to the intellectual capital of the firm.

Protein distribution patterns across eye lenses from the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans were investigated and individual crystallin classes characterised. Special fractionation that follows the growth mode of the lens was used to yield nine fractions corresponding to layers laid down at different chronological (developmental) stages. Proportions of soluble and insoluble crystallins within each fraction were measured by Bradford assay. Water-soluble proteins in all fractions were separated by size-exclusion HPLC and constituents of each class further characterised by electrophoresis, RP-HPLC and MS analysis. In outer lens layers, alpha-crystallin is the most abundant soluble protein but is not found in soluble proteins in the lens centre. Water-soluble beta-crystallins also decrease from their highest level in the outer lens to negligible mounts in the central lens. The proportion of soluble gamma-crystallin increases significantly towards the lens centre where this is the only soluble protein present. Insoluble protein levels increase significantly towards the lens centre. In B. gargarizans lenses, as with other anurans, the predominant water-soluble protein class is gamma-crystallin. No taxon-specific crystallins were found. The relationship between the protein distribution patterns and the functional properties of the lens this species is discussed.

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The magnitude and distribution of cypermethrin from total release, over-the-counter foggers was studied in a test room and in residences to facilitate evaluation of regulatory exposure algorithms and new human exposure assessments based upon urine biomonitoring. Surface residue (SR) was evenly distributed in a small test room (3.6 mciro g cypermethrin/cm(2)) where thorough mixing of the aerosol occurred. In a residence SR was significantly affected by room size and distance from the fogger. Air levels in the residence were as high as 30 mciro g cypermethrin/cm(3) after 4.5 h. The availability of surface residues was measured with an automated surface cotton cloth wipe and ethyl acetate extraction. Only 5% of the SR was available from nylon carpet. Tile, wood and linoleum resulted in 30, 10, and 10% of SR being available, respectively. These data are used to estimate cypermethrin exposure of children and adults for comparison with existing regulatory reference dosages and exposure assessments based upon biomonitoring.

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