Potential exposure of children and adults to cypermethrin following use of indoor insecticide foggers

Keenan, James J.; Vega, Helen; Krieger, Robert I.

doi:10.1080/03601230902997733

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…48 b Keenan et al 52 and Williams et al 53 c Eadsforth et al, 24 Hughes et al, 41 Reifenrath et al, 42 Tomalik-Scharte et al 28 and Woolen et al 27 d Estimated based on the assumption that one fingertip area is ~30% of one finger area, and each finger area is ~10% of the palmar surface of one hand. The average surface area of hands for adult male and female is 0.098 m 2 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Studying permethrin exposure in flight attendants using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model

Wei

Isukapalli

Weisel

2013

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Assessment of potential health risks to flight attendants from exposure to pyrethroid insecticides, used for aircraft disinsection, is limited because of (a) lack of information on exposures to these insecticides, and (b) lack of tools for linking these exposures to biomarker data. We developed and evaluated a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to assess the exposure of flight attendants to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin attributable to aircraft disinsection. The permethrin PBPK model was developed by adapting previous models for pyrethroids, and was parameterized using currently available metabolic parameters for permethrin. The human permethrin model was first evaluated with data from published human studies. Then, it was used to estimate urinary metabolite concentrations of permethrin in flight attendants who worked in aircrafts, which underwent residual and pre-flight spray treatments. The human model was also applied to analyze the toxicokinetics following permethrin exposures attributable to other aircraft disinsection scenarios. Predicted levels of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a metabolite of permethrin, following residual disinsection treatment were comparable to the measurements made for flight attendants. Simulations showed that the median contributions of the dermal, oral and inhalation routes to permethrin exposure in flight attendants were 83.5%, 16.1% and 0.4% under residual treatment scenario, respectively, and were 5.3%, 5.0% and 89.7% under pre-flight spray scenario, respectively. The PBPK model provides the capability to simulate the toxicokinetic profiles of permethrin, and can be used in the studies on human exposure to permethrin.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Studying permethrin exposure in flight attendants using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model

Wei

Isukapalli

Weisel

2013

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…A recent model evaluation effort (Young and Driver, 2008;Young et al, 2012) summarized biomonitoring results from Keenan (2007) and Keenan et al (2009), and concluded that exposure from broadcast applications (i.e., foggers) appears to be predicted accurately by the models; however, exposure predictions from localized applications such as C&C are two orders of magnitude higher than biomonitoring results. Thus, it was apparent that refinement of algorithms and models for C&C scenarios need to be developed to account for contact probability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Revised Methods for Estimating Potential Reentry Exposure Associated with Indoor Crack and Crevice and Perimeter Application

Driver¹,

Ross²,

Pandian³

et al. 2013

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Surface deposition of insecticides applied as indoor residential foggers, baseboard or perimeter sprays, spot sprays, and crack-and-crevice (C&C) sprays represent pathways of unintentional, postapplication exposure for children and adults. Estimation of the magnitude of this exposure following an application event is associated with uncertainty due to many factors, including (1) surface residue deposition and distribution, (2) access to and the nature of contact with treated surfaces based on time-activity patterns of residents, and (3) the role of residue removal mechanisms such as cleaning treated surfaces, pesticide degradation or redistribution, and hand washing and bathing following contact. A comparative spatial deposition study was conducted involving broadcast, perimeter, and C&C application methods. Residues measured using a spatial grid of deposition dosimeters on floor surfaces demonstrated significantly lower residue concentrations in readily accessible areas following C&C and perimeter applications, versus broadcast treatment. Analyses of other monitoring studies support this finding. The implications of these findings are discussed for both screening-level and higher tier probabilistic postapplication, residential exposure assessment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) current guidance on interpretation of deposition following C&C application is supported by data in this study and others that indicate a ratio of 10:1 for deposition for broadcast versus C&C application. However, the perimeter deposition data are quite similar to C&C deposition and do not support a 70/30 default relative to broadcast recommended by the U.S. EPA (2012).

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“…The reaction mixture contained: 0.05 M phosphate buffer, 5 mM EDTA, pH 7.0, 0.125 M NaN 3 , 0.0084 M NADPH, 0.15 M glutathione (GSH), 7.6 Units of glutathione reductase (E.C.1.6.4.2,) 0.0022 M hydrogen peroxide and 30 /-11 of normalized samples pretreated with Drabkin's reagent. GPx catalyses the oxidation of GSH by hydroperoxide.…”

Section: Glutathione Peroxidase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms of CY toxicity in laboratory animals include pawing, burrowing, salivation, tremors, writhing, and seizures. In humans, high doses of CY result in twitching, drowsiness, coma, and seizures (2,3). In addition to neurons, reproductive organs are another toxic target ofCY (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several epidemiological and experimental studies have been performed to assess the health risks associated with CY exposure and CY levels in the blood and urine of the people who spray pesticides and other exposed individuals (2). CY has been identified as one of the important constituent pesticides associated with human health risks (3). In mammals, CY can accumulate in body fat, skin, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, ovaries, lung, blood, and heart (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Cypermethrin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Mignini

Nasuti

Fedeli

et al. 2013

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Cypermethrin (CY), a class II pyrethroid pesticide, is globally used to control insects in the household and in agriculture. Despite beneficial roles, its uncontrolled and repetitive application leads to unintended effects in non-target organisms. In light of the relevant anti-oxidant properties of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), in the work described herein we tested the effect of a commercially available ALA formulation on cypermethrin (CY)-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. The rats were orally administered with 53.14 mg/kg of ALA and 35.71 mglkg of CY for 60 days. The treatment with CY did not induce changes in either locomotor activities or in body weight. Differences were observed on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation that were re-established by ALA treatment at similar levels of the placebo group. Furthermore, ALA formulation increased glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Because of the widespread use of CY, higher amounts of pesticide residues are present in food, and a diet supplementation with ALA could be an active free radical scavenger protecting against diseases associated with oxidative stress.

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Potential exposure of children and adults to cypermethrin following use of indoor insecticide foggers

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Studying permethrin exposure in flight attendants using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model

Studying permethrin exposure in flight attendants using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model

Revised Methods for Estimating Potential Reentry Exposure Associated with Indoor Crack and Crevice and Perimeter Application

Protective Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Cypermethrin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

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