Gastric cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies

Yang, Lei; Ying, Xiangji; Liu, Shuo; Lyu, Guoqing; Xu, Zekuan; Xi, Zhang; Li, Huichao; Li, Qingyu; Wang, Ning; Ji, Jiafu

doi:10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.06.03

Cited by 155 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, in large-scale randomized clinical trials evaluating their effect on the incidence or mortality of GC, interventions based on these dietary methods have not yet been tested [ 100 ]. Secondary prevention typically refers to the early detection and treatment of GC using available tools, primarily the endoscopic method [ 101 ]. The common application of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that prevent GC among patients with peptic ulcers, especially in Hp infected subjects, has been reported in a Taiwanese cohort study using multivariate analysis [ 102 ].…”

Section: Prevention Of Gastric Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Host Cytokine Gene Polymorphism with Gastric Cancer

Zeyaullah

AlShahrani

Ahmad

2021

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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The global cancer burden of new cases of various types rose with millions of death in 2018. Based on the data extracted by GLOBOCAN 2018, gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of mortality related to cancer across the globe. Carcinogenic or oncogenic infections associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) are regarded as one of the essential risk factors for GC development. It contributes to the increased production of cytokines that cause inflammation prior to their growth in the host cells. Hp infections and specific types of polymorphisms within the host cells encoding cytokines are significant contributors to the hostʼs increased susceptibility in terms of the development of GC. Against the backdrop of such an observation is that only a small portion of the cells infected can become malignant. The diversities are a consequence of the differences in the pathogenic pathway of the Hp, susceptibility of the host, environmental conditions, and interplay between these factors. It is evident that hosts carrying cytokine genes with high inflammatory levels and polymorphism tend to exhibit an increased risk of development of GC, with special emphasis being placed on the host cytokines gene polymorphisms.

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Section: Prevention Of Gastric Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Host Cytokine Gene Polymorphism with Gastric Cancer

Zeyaullah

AlShahrani

Ahmad

2021

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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“…The development of minimally invasive surgery has a great relationship with the improvement of early gastric cancer diagnosis rate during the past three decades. In Asian regions with a high incidence of gastric cancer, the rate of early gastric cancer diagnosis in Japan and Korea has reached very high levels ( 12 - 14 ). Surgeons in these two countries have shown high enthusiasm, initiative, and pioneering spirit for the application of minimally invasive technology.…”

Section: Minimally Invasive Surgeriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical treatment of gastric cancer: Current status and future directions

Chen¹,

Bu²,

Ji³

2021

Chinese Journal of Cancer Research

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Surgery is the most important and effective method for the treatment of gastric cancer. Since the first gastrectomy in the early 19th century, surgical treatment of gastric cancer has undergone more than 100 years of development. With the increasing understanding of gastric cancer and the promotion of a series of clinical trials, the concept of gastric cancer surgery has evolved from the initial “bigger is better” to today’s “standardized surgery” and is developing towards individualized surgery focusing on accurate resection and quality of life. This trend has had a tremendous impact on the development of surgical treatments, such as minimally invasive surgeries, function-preserving surgeries, and the optimal extent of lymph node dissection. Understanding the development and current status of gastric cancer surgery and exploring the remaining academic controversies are goals that every gastric surgeon should constantly pursue. However, how should gastric cancer surgery develop in the future? What opportunities and challenges will we encounter? In this review, we elaborate on the development and current status of gastric cancer surgery based on a series of clinical studies and discuss the controversy in the development of gastric cancer surgery.

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“…The etiology of GC is still unclear but is known to involve the complex interplay of host and environment, with Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) recognized as a major risk factor ( 2 ). Its occurrence, particularly of the intestinal type, experiences the multistep evolution of a cascade of gastric lesions, including superficial gastritis (SG), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), intestinal metaplasia (IM) and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) ( 3 ), which is therefore characterized by insidious onset, asymptomatic or minor symptoms at an early stage, resulting in delayed diagnosis and poorer survival for most patients ( 4 , 5 ). Right now, more than 80% of GC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage in China and the overall 5-year survival rate is only 35.1% ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for gastric cancer in China: Advances, challenges and visions

Fan¹,

Qin²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Chinese Journal of Cancer Research

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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major cancers in China and all over the world. Most GCs are diagnosed at an advanced stage with unfavorable prognosis. Along with some other countries, China has developed the government-funded national screening programs for GC and other major cancers. GC screening has been shown to effectively decrease the incidence of and mortality from GC in countries adopting nationwide screening programs (Japan and Korea) and in studies based on selected Chinese populations. The screening of GC relies mostly on gastroendoscopy, the accuracy, reliability and safety of which have been indicated by previous studies. However, considering its invasive screening approach, requirements on skilled endoscopists and pathologists, and a high cost, developing noninvasive methods to amend endoscopic screening would be highly needed. Numerous studies have examined biomarkers for GC screening and the combination of biomarkers involving pepsinogen, gastrin, and Helicobacter pylori antibodies has been proposed for risk stratification, seeking to narrow down the high-risk populations for further endoscopy. Despite all the achievements of endoscopic screening, evidence on appropriate screening age, intervals for repeated screening, novel biomarkers promoting precision prevention, and health economics need to be accumulated to inform policymakers on endoscopic screening in China. With the guide of Health China 2030 Planning Outline , we have golden opportunities to promote prevention and control of GC. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of screening programs in China and other East Asian countries and introduce the past and current approaches and strategies for GC screening, aiming for featuring the latest advances and key challenges, and illustrating future visions of GC screening.

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Gastric cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies

Cited by 155 publications

References 65 publications

Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Host Cytokine Gene Polymorphism with Gastric Cancer

Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Host Cytokine Gene Polymorphism with Gastric Cancer

Surgical treatment of gastric cancer: Current status and future directions

Screening for gastric cancer in China: Advances, challenges and visions

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