Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity during endotoxemia

Cullen, Joseph J.; Ephgrave, Kimberly S.; Caropreso, David K.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(96)00037-2

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These data correspond with the results of previous studies from our laboratory 16,17 and others 18,19 regarding the effects of sepsis and endotoxemia on gastrointestinal motility. Eskandari et al 18,19 demonstrated that endotoxin caused a 62% reduction in jejunal spontaneous circular muscle activity and a 91% suppression of bethanechol-stimulated contractions in the jejunum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Thus, endotoxin administration seems to result in smooth muscle impairment, even though the effects of endotoxin on gastrointestinal motility may not be due to decreased splanchnic perfusion. 16 The smallest dose of endotoxin (0.005 mg/kg) used in the current study is 2.5% the dose we have given to dogs 16 and 0.0005% the dose we have given to rats. 17 Our present study suggests that the gallbladder may be more sensitive to the effects of endotoxin than other areas of the gut, because a low dose of endotoxin produces profound changes in biliary tract motility for an extended period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Effect of Endotoxin on Opossum Gallbladder Motility: A Model of Acalculous Cholecystitis

et al. 2000

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effect of Endotoxin on Opossum Gallbladder Motility: A Model of Acalculous Cholecystitis

et al. 2000

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“…Our study confirms previous reports that a single, sublethal dose of endotoxin temporarily delays the MMC for 2 days [8,14]. The present study also demonstrates that gastric and jejunal smooth muscle levels of Cu/Zn SOD activity are decreased for 1 day in the stomach and for 2 days in the jejunum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The total number of pressure events (frequency of contractions/MMC/h) and the area under the curve (motility index/MMC/h) were calculated when the MMC was present. When the MMC was absent, which is what occurs on postendotoxin days 1 and 2 [8,14], the total number of pressure events per hour and the area under the curve per hour were calculated for the 4-hour fasting period. Frequency of contractions and motility indexes of the two gastric channels were averaged as were the motility indexes of the three jejunal channels.…”

Section: Analysis Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Superoxide Dismutase during the Adynamic Ileus of Endotoxemia

et al. 1998

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Endotoxemia is accompanied by gastrointestinal motor disturbances while administration of oxygen free radical scavengers following endotoxemia ameliorates these motor disturbances. We hypothesized that the motor disturbance produced by endotoxemia may be associated with a change in the activity or production of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Strain gauge transducers were placed on the stomach and small bowel of dogs to determine fasting gastrointestinal motility. Manganese and copper/zinc SOD enzyme activities in gut smooth muscle were measured and protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Following completion of the baseline studies, dogs were given a single dose of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, 200 µg/kg i.v., and the studies repeated for the next 3 days. Following endotoxin bolus, the migrating motor complex (MMC) was delayed for 2 days while gastric and jejunal smooth muscle levels of Cu/Zn SOD activity were decreased for 1 day in the stomach and for 2 days in the jejunum. Western blotting indicated that endotoxin did not change the amount of SOD enzyme produced. We conclude that endotoxemia results in a temporary prolongation of the MMC and a decrease in Cu/Zn SOD activity. Expression of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD does not seem suppressed by endotoxin as measured by Western blotting. However, the impairment of Cu/Zn SOD activity may contribute to ileus associated with sepsis by altering oxygen-free metabolism in both the stomach and jejunum.

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“…Besides regulating blood current and GI motility, CGRP maintains the homeostasis of intracellular Ca 2+ and decreases the permeability of cell membrane to Ca 2+ . 44 Therefore, it can affect Ca 2+ concentrations in and outside the cell, a key factor in the relaxation-contraction activities. In the previous study, gastric CGRP levels are found to decrease rapidly under water immersion restraint stress in both male and female mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin Attenuates Noise Stress-induced Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder and Gastric Stress Ulcer: Role of Gastrointestinal Hormones and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Zhang

Gong²,

Zhang

et al. 2015

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/Aims There are increasing evidences for gastrointestinal motility disorder (GIMD) and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress. The present study was to investigate the reversed effect of melatonin on GIMD and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress and potential mechanism. Methods Noise stress was induced on rats, and melatonin (15 mg/kg) was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection. Differences were assessed in gastric residual rate (GRR), small intestine propulsion rate (SPR), Guth injury score, cortisol, gastrointestinal hormones (calcitonin-gene-related peptide and motilin) and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase and malondialde hyde) in blood plasma as well as gastric mucosa homogenate with or without melatonin. The pathological examination of gastric mucosa was also performed. Results The GRR and SPR were improved by noise stress compared with control ( P < 0.05). The pathological examination and Guth injury score revealed gastric stress ulcer. Moreover, the levels of cortisol, motilin and malondialdehyde in blood plasma and malondialdehyde in gastric mucosa homogenate were increased by noise stress ( P < 0.05). CGRP and superoxide dismutase activity in both of blood plasma and gastric mucosa homogenate were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, melatonin reversed changes in GRR, SPR, pathological examination, Guth injury score, cortisol, motilin, CGRP, superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Melatonin is effective in reversing the GIMD and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress. The underlying mechanism may be involved in oxidative stress and gastrointestinal hormones.

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Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity during endotoxemia

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Endotoxin on Opossum Gallbladder Motility: A Model of Acalculous Cholecystitis

Effect of Endotoxin on Opossum Gallbladder Motility: A Model of Acalculous Cholecystitis

Metabolism of Superoxide Dismutase during the Adynamic Ileus of Endotoxemia

Melatonin Attenuates Noise Stress-induced Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder and Gastric Stress Ulcer: Role of Gastrointestinal Hormones and Oxidative Stress in Rats

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