A series of semifluorinated
alkanes (C
n
F2n+1C
m
H2m+1 diblocks, F
n
H
m, n = 6, 8,
10; m = 16, 18, 20), when cast as films onto solid
substrates, were found to form ring-banded or radial spherulites when
heated above their isotropic temperature and subsequently cooled down
to room temperature, demonstrating that the formation of two-dimensional
(2D) spherulites is a general feature of molecular fluorocarbon–hydrocarbon
diblocks. These spherulites are not birefringent, a seldom encountered
feature for such structures (never, so far, for spherulites made of
small molecules). They also provide examples of fluorinated 2D spherulites.
Film morphology was analyzed by optical microscopy, interferometric
profilometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron
microscopy. Increasing the length of the Fn segment
favors the formation of ring-banded spherulites, whereas short Fn segments tend to favor extended radial stripes. Variation
of the cooling rate provides control over the size and morphology
of the spherulites: slow cooling promotes fibers and radial spherulites,
whereas fast cooling fosters ring-banded spherulites. The AFM studies
of F10H16 films revealed that the
latter consist of stacks of regularly spaced lamellae. We also observed
that, remarkably, stacked lamellae (repeating distance ∼6 nm)
can coexist with a layer of close-packed monodisperse circular self-assembled
surface nanodomains of Fn
Hm diblocks
(∼30 nm in diameter); the latter are known to form from such
diblocks at interfaces at room temperature. Substrates partially covered
with F10H16 contain incomplete ring-banded
spherulites and smaller objects in which the lamellae and circular
nanodomains coexist.