Gender and Authority Measure

Rudman, Laurie A.; Kilianski, Stephen E.

doi:10.1037/t16069-000

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Gender and Authority Measure. The Gender and Authority Measure (GAM; Rudman & Kilianski, 2000a) was used to measure explicit attitudes indicating a preference for male versus female authorities among male and female participants. In the GAM, participants express agreement with 15 items on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Girls Allowed: Women in Male-Dominated Majors Experience Increased Gender Harassment and Bias

Dresden

Ridge

et al. 2017

Psychol Rep

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The prevalence of gender harassment in male-dominated workforces has been well established, but little is known regarding the experiences of women in male-dominated majors within academia. The current study examines the experiences and gender-related biases of 146 male and female students in male-dominated (MD) and gender-equivalent (GE) majors. This study hypothesizes that men from MD majors, as opposed to GE majors, will exhibit more explicit and implicit bias regarding women in positions of power and authority, resulting in a higher prevalence of gender harassment towards women in MD majors. Results showed that there was no significant difference in self-reported explicit bias against women in positions of power and authority between men from MD and GE majors, but there was significantly more implicit bias among men from MD majors as opposed to GE majors. Additionally, women from MD majors experienced significantly more gender harassment than women from GE majors. Implications of these findings and suggestions to assist those working in education to combat these biases and instances of harassment are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Girls Allowed: Women in Male-Dominated Majors Experience Increased Gender Harassment and Bias

Dresden

Ridge

et al. 2017

Psychol Rep

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“…To assess the former, we used a priming task previously shown to be an effective measure of implicit racism (Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, & Williams, 1995). To assess the latter, we used a self-report instrument (the Gender and Authority Measure), designed and piloted prior to conducting this research (Rudman, 1997).…”

Section: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Female Authority Laurie A Rudman Stephen E Kilianski Rutgers Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Female Authority

Rudman

Kilianski

2000

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

Self Cite

498

347

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Attitudes toward female authority and their relationship to gender beliefs were examined using implicit and explicit measures of each. Implicit attitudes covaried with implicit gender authority beliefs (i.e., linking men to high-authority and women to low-authority roles). Explicit attitudes covaried with explicit gender authority beliefs, feminist identification, and hostile sexism. Thus, gender authority beliefs may influence both conscious and unconscious prejudice against female authorities. Although women showed less explicit prejudice than did men, their implicit attitudes were similarly negative. Finally, the relationship found between two different response latency methods (a priming task for attitudes, a categorization task for beliefs) supports the assumption that implicit measures assess similar constructs (i.e., automatic associations in long-term memory).

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“…Implicit and explicit bias manifest differently, and it appears the two are not strongly related. Weak (Fazio et al, 1995;Greenwald et al, 1998;Rudman & Kilianski, 2000, Dovidio et al, 2002Nosek et al, 2007), and occasionally significant relationships (Lepore & Brown, 1997;Fazio & Olson, 2003) have been reported. Physiologically, explicit biases are strongly correlated with prefrontal cortex activation (Cunningham et al, 2004;Amodio et al, 2004), while amygdala activity corresponds to implicit biases (Hart et al, 2000;Phelps et al, 2000;Wheeler & Fiske, 2005;Krill & Platek 2009).…”

Section: Implicit Vs Explicit Bias: Related But Distinctmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealanders’ Attitudes towards Biculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand

McSweeney-Novak¹

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<p>New Zealand’s aspiration to be a bicultural nation, has yet to be realised. Māori continue to experience discrimination across all life domains. Research published in 2004, reported New Zealanders as being more supportive of symbolic than resource-based biculturalism. However, socio-political changes, the absence of research examining New Zealanders’ Treaty knowledge, and implicit racial biases towards Māori, suggest an update of this work is needed. Across two studies, this research aimed to investigate New Zealanders’ attitudes towards biculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand. In Study 1, New Zealand born undergraduates (N = 56), completed the Implicit Association Test, a Pākehā Attitudes Towards Biculturalism Scale, a Treaty of Waitangi knowledge scale and estimated their declared Treaty of Waitangi knowledge. Study 2 was designed to replicate Study 1, and address limitations with a larger, more representative sample (N= 100). The Dunning-Kruger effect was also a specific focus. Across both studies, New Zealanders were more supportive of symbolic rather than resource-based biculturalism and showed an implicit racial bias towards Māori. In Study 2, we revealed new empirical evidence for the Dunning-Kruger effect: when estimating their knowledge relative to peers: lower performers over-estimated their knowledge whereas higher performers under-estimated their knowledge. Our results highlight that New Zealanders’ attitudes towards biculturalism have remained relatively unchanged since Sibley and Liu’s (2004) work, and raise concern for the aspirations of New Zealand as a bicultural nation. Implications and future research directions are discussed.</p>

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Gender and Authority Measure

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

No Girls Allowed: Women in Male-Dominated Majors Experience Increased Gender Harassment and Bias

No Girls Allowed: Women in Male-Dominated Majors Experience Increased Gender Harassment and Bias

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Female Authority

New Zealanders’ Attitudes towards Biculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand

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