Gender Differences in WAIS–R Age-Corrected Scaled Scores

Arceneaux, Janet M.; Cheramie, Gail M.; Smith, Caesarlyn W.

doi:10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1211

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This dissociation may reflect testosterone deficiency in the KS group only. Higher testosterone levels in males may be related to increased male performance in visual-spatial tasks involving mental rotation, spatial perception, spatial visualization [Arceneaux et al, 1996].…”

Section: Visual Spatial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extra X or Y chromosome: Contrasting the cognitive and motor phenotypes in childhood in boys with 47,XYY syndrome or 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome

Ross

Zeger

Kushner³

et al. 2009

Dev Disabil Res Revs

114

136

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Objective-The goal of this study was to contrast the cognitive phenotypes in boys with 47,XYY (XYY) karyotype and boys with 47,XXY karyotype (Klinefelter syndrome, KS), who share an extra copy of the X-Y pseudoautosomal region but differ in their dosage of strictly sex-linked genes.Methods-Neuropsychological evaluation of general cognitive ability, language, memory, attention, visual-spatial abilities, visual-motor skills, and motor function.Results-Study cohort: 21 boys with 47,XYY and 93 boys with 47,XXY (KS), ages 4-17 years, and 36 age-matched control boys. Both the XYY and KS groups performed less well, on average, than the controls on tests of general cognitive ability, achievement, language, verbal memory, some aspects of attention and executive function, and motor function. The boys with XYY on average had more severe and pervasive language impairment, at both simple and complex levels, and the boys with KS on average had greater motor impairment in gross motor function and coordination, especially in running speed and agility. Conclusions-The results from these large XYY and KS cohorts have important neurocognitive and educational implications. From the neurocognitive standpoint, the presenting findings afford an opportunity to gain insights into brain development in boys with XYY and those with KS. From the educational standpoint, it is critical that boys with XYY or KS receive appropriate educational interventions that target their specific learning challenges. These findings also provide important information for counseling clinicians and families about these disorders.

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Section: Visual Spatial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extra X or Y chromosome: Contrasting the cognitive and motor phenotypes in childhood in boys with 47,XYY syndrome or 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome

Ross

Zeger

Kushner³

et al. 2009

Dev Disabil Res Revs

114

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…How older and younger individuals develop sex role identities and experience life events and passages obviously vary across cohorts or historical time. For example, Arceneaux et al [8] found evidence supporting age moderation of gender differences based on longitudinal data from WAIS/WAIS-R subtests. More specifically, the observed gender differences were moderated by age for some skills, particularly, those requiring spatial abilities.…”

Section: Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Age Differences in Employee Decisions About New Technology: An Extension to the Theory of Planned Behavior

Morris

Venkatesh

Ackerman

2005

IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage.

459

241

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This research extends the theory of planned behavior by incorporating gender and age as moderators of user perceptions and individual adoption and sustained use of technology in the workplace. Individual reactions and technology use behavior were studied over a six-month period among 342 workers being introduced to a new software technology application. While previous studies in the literature have reported gender or age differences separately, the pattern of results from the study reported here indicated that gender effects in individual adoption and use of technology differed based on age. Specifically, gender differences in technology perceptions became more pronounced among older workers, but a unisex pattern of results emerged among younger workers. The theory and empirical results are also discussed in relation to the widely employed technology acceptance model. The results from this study suggest that old stereotypes that portray "technology" as a male-oriented domain may be disappearing-particularly among younger workers. In light of these findings, theoretical implications for researchers and practical suggestions for managers are discussed. Index Terms-Age differences, gender differences, technology acceptance, theory of planned behavior (TPB).

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“…Consistent with Mitrushina et al (2005), the averages were weighted by sample size. Larger samples were given proportion- Arceneaux et al (1996) 230 Wiens et al (1993) 302 Ivnik et al (1992) 512…”

Section: Meta-analysis Norm Construction and Comparison To Quota Normingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A correction for recruitment bias in norms derived from meta-analysis.

Williams¹,

Cottle²

2011

Psychological Assessment

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Normative comparisons are an integral component of neuropsychological test interpretation and provide the basis for an inference of abnormal function and impairment. In order to remedy a deficit of normative standards for a large number of neuropsychology tests, Mitrushina, Boone, Razani, and D'Elia (2005) used the meta-analysis of studies that incorporated normal volunteers to create a type of normative standard for many tests in neuropsychology that were not adequately normed in the past. The present study examined this method by contrasting meta-analysis norms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R; Wechsler, 1981) with its published quota norms. The study examined 12 experimental studies of the WAIS-R that included normal, control volunteers (N = 2,147). These were combined by meta-analysis, and the summary scores were compared. The meta-analysis revealed a significant sampling bias with studies recruiting more White and higher educated respondents than indicated by the U.S. Census. This bias was successfully corrected using Monte Carlo simulation and adjustments for quota sampling. The corrections could be applied to all meta-analysis norms currently in use and bring them in line with the U.S. Census demographics.

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Gender Differences in WAIS–R Age-Corrected Scaled Scores

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

An extra X or Y chromosome: Contrasting the cognitive and motor phenotypes in childhood in boys with 47,XYY syndrome or 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome

An extra X or Y chromosome: Contrasting the cognitive and motor phenotypes in childhood in boys with 47,XYY syndrome or 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome

Gender and Age Differences in Employee Decisions About New Technology: An Extension to the Theory of Planned Behavior

A correction for recruitment bias in norms derived from meta-analysis.

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