Gene Expression Profile in the Anterior Regeneration of the Earthworm Using Expressed Sequence Tags

Cho, Sung‐Jin; Lee, Myung Sik; Tak, Eun Sik; Lee, Eun; Koh, Ki Seok; Ahn, Changhyun; Park, Soon Cheol

doi:10.1271/bbb.80391

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Coelomocyte hematopoiesis following severe blood loss (exsanguination) in the peanut worm, Phascolosoma esculenta , accompanies the de novo synthesis of Hr [53]. Isoforms of Hr and myoHr have also been found in the salivary complex of the hematophagous leech, Haementeria depressa, and during anterior tissue regeneration of the earthworm, Perionyx excavatus [197, 198]. These data signify Hr is a multi-functional protein extending beyond its traditional role as a vehicle for molecular oxygen.…”

Section: Hemerythrin and Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological properties of oxygen-transport proteins: hemoglobin, hemocyanin and hemerythrin

Coates

Decker

2016

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

128

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It is now well documented that peptides with enhanced or alternative functionality (termed cryptides) can be liberated from larger, and sometimes inactive, proteins. A primary example of this phenomenon is the oxygen-transport protein hemoglobin. Aside from respiration, hemoglobin and hemoglobin-derived peptides have been associated with immune modulation, hematopoiesis, signal transduction and microbicidal activities in metazoans. Likewise, the functional equivalents to hemoglobin in invertebrates, namely hemocyanin and hemerythrin, act as potent immune effectors under certain physiological conditions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the true extent of oxygen-transport protein dynamics in innate immunity, and to impress upon the reader the multi-functionality of these ancient proteins on the basis of their structures. In this context, erythrocyte–pathogen antibiosis and the immune competences of various erythroid cells are compared across diverse taxa.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-016-2326-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Hemerythrin and Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological properties of oxygen-transport proteins: hemoglobin, hemocyanin and hemerythrin

Coates

Decker

2016

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

128

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“…Such expression polarity toward energy metabolism showed higher as twice as that of the midgut in the same earthworm species. 24) Considered that in the gene expression profiling analysis using EST, the highly expressed genes would reflect the prime functions of the analyzed tissues or cell types, [28][29][30][31] the primary function of coelomic cells in the earthworm might be associated with high energyconsuming functions including immune responses. In particular, among the 12 most highly expressed genes, the high frequency (2.87%) of no-matched genes possibly representing novel genes could address the new functions of earthworm coelomic cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression profiling of coelomic cells and discovery of immune-related genes in the earthworm, Eisenia andrei, using expressed sequence tags

Tak

Cho

Park

2015

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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The coelomic cells of the earthworm consist of leukocytes, chlorogocytes, and coelomocytes, which play an important role in innate immunity reactions. To gain insight into the expression profiles of coelomic cells of the earthworm, Eisenia andrei, we analyzed 1151 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from the cDNA library of the coelomic cells. Among the 1151 ESTs analyzed, 493 ESTs (42.8%) showed a significant similarity to known genes and represented 164 unique genes, of which 93 ESTs were singletons and 71 ESTs manifested as two or more ESTs. From the 164 unique genes sequenced, we found 24 immune-related and cell defense genes. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis showed that levels of lysenin-related proteins mRNA in coelomic cells of E. andrei were upregulated after the injection of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. This EST data-set would provide a valuable resource for future researches of earthworm immune system.

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“…Subtractive hybridization experiments in regenerating fragments of Enchytraeus japonensis revealed that novel genes (which are not represented in other phyla or even the Lumbricus rubellus) were upregulated in regenerative processes hinting towards the involvement of annelid specific genes in regeneration 87 . Gene expression profiling in anterior regenerating segments of Perionyx excavatus also yielded several novel ESTs, involved in regeneration 88 . Transcriptomic analysis of a mixed-stage sample of regeneration and fission in has also been recently attempted 89 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into regeneration from the genome, transcriptome and metagenome analysis ofEisenia fetida

Bhambri

Dhaunta

Patel

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Earthworms show a wide spectrum of regenerative potential with certain species like Eisenia fetida capable of regenerating more than two-thirds of their body while other closely related species, such as Paranais litoralis seem to have lost this ability. Earthworms belong to the phylum annelida, in which the genomes of the marine oligochaete Capitella telata, and the freshwater leech Helobdella robusta have been sequenced and studied. The terrestrial annelids, in spite of their ecological relevance and unique biochemical repertoire, are represented by a single rough genome draft of Eisenia fetida (North American isolate), which suggested that extensive duplications have led to a large number of HOX genes in this annelid. Herein, we report the draft genome sequence of Eisenia fetida (Indian isolate), a terrestrial redworm widely used for vermicomposting assembled using short reads and mate-pair reads. An in-depth analysis of the miRNome of the worm, showed that many miRNA gene families have also undergone extensive duplications. Genes for several important proteins such as sialidases and neurotrophins were identified by RNA sequencing of tissue samples. We also used de novo assembled RNA-Seq data to identify genes that are differentially expressed during regeneration, both in the newly regenerating cells and in the adjacent tissue. Sox4, a master regulator of TGF-beta induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced in the newly regenerated tissue. The regeneration of the ventral nerve cord was also accompanied by the induction of nerve growth factor and neurofilament genes. The metagenome of the worm, characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, revealed the identity of several bacterial species that reside in the nephridia of the worm. Comparison of the bodywall and cocoon metagenomes showed exclusion of hereditary symbionts in the regenerated tissue. In summary, we present extensive genome, transcriptome and metagenome data to establish the transcriptome and metagenome dynamics during regeneration.

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Gene Expression Profile in the Anterior Regeneration of the Earthworm Using Expressed Sequence Tags

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Immunological properties of oxygen-transport proteins: hemoglobin, hemocyanin and hemerythrin

Immunological properties of oxygen-transport proteins: hemoglobin, hemocyanin and hemerythrin

Gene expression profiling of coelomic cells and discovery of immune-related genes in the earthworm, Eisenia andrei, using expressed sequence tags

Insights into regeneration from the genome, transcriptome and metagenome analysis ofEisenia fetida

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