Gene flow from herbicide resistant genetically modified rice to conventional rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important feeding crop in Asia, and utilization of genetically modified (GM) rice is highly demanding. For co-existence of GM rice and non-GM rice, the proper confinement measures should be provided. Thus, we surveyed gene flow from herbicide resistant GM rice to the conventional rice cultivars in the field tests. Gene flow frequency decreased with increasing distance between the pollen donor and recipients and did not exceed more than 1% even at the nearest distance. In single recipient model plot, a maximum gene flow frequency was observed at the shortest distance and hybrid was detected up to 12 m from the pollen donor. The direction of gene was coincided with the dominant wind direction. Gene flow assessment to multiple recipient plots was conducted under the high raining season by chance, and abrupt decline of gene flow frequency and maximum distance were resulted. According to the survey results, current regulation for isolation distance is reasonable for environmental safety or for general crop production. However, we suggest an alternative measure for GM rice cultivation that should be supplemented to overcome the out of estimation and in the environment asking higher security levels.

Breeding for Outcrossing Ability in Rice, to Enhance Seed Production for Hybrid Rice Cropping

“…Data from recent investigations into the pollen-mediated gene flow between genetically modified (GM) rice and non-GM rice or between GM rice and weedy rice, confirmed the low rate of outcrossing (almost always less than 1%) between male fertile (MF) rice plants [17]. However, FOA varies considerably among MS lines developed for hybrid rice breeding.…”

Consumer perception and preference towards genetically modified (GM) foods: bibliometric evidence and policy imperatives.

“…The possible introgression of the transgenes from transgenic crops to wild relatives is a potential risk for loss of biodiversity and the gene flow to weedy relatives will lead to emergence of herbicide-resistant 'superweeds'. The pollen-mediated transfer of transgene from GM crops to traditional cultivars and to their wild relatives reported in maize, rice, cotton, barley, beans, creeping bent grass and rapeseed, is a major adverse effect on the environment (Watrud et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2004;Ford et al, 2006;Han et al, 2015;Yan et al, 2015).…”

Diversity of Grasses as Producers of Atmospheric Aerosol Pollen Component

“…Huge amount of grass pollen released into the atmosphere causes hay fever [4][5][6]. Continuous growth in the number of hay fever cases stimulates interest in modelling the process of pollen spread in the air [7][8].…”

“…It is especially affected by the formation of clusters of two or more pollen grains. The presence of pollen clusters, dealt with by earlier aeropalynological studies [9], is virtually ignored nowadays while estimating pollen concentration in the atmosphere [10,11] and is not taken into account while developing mathematical models of pollen transfer [7][8][9][10][11]. However, in all experiments involving the dispersion of anemophilous plants' pollen, a considerable number of clusters containing two or more pollen grains has been noted [12].…”