General economic cycles model – cumulative inefficiency model

Bandura, Oleksandr

doi:10.15407/etet2016.01.086

“…We will show that this problem can be solved within the CMI model of economic cycles. The main elements of the CMI-model were presented, for example, in [12], where it was proven that the magnitude of the cumulative market imperfection is proportional to that of latent overspending of production resources (in the exergetic dimension) compared to the technologically achievable minimum (∆Е). The magnitude of ∆Е is proportional to that of the difference (∆Р) between the calculated level of natural (equilibrium) prices, Ро (at GDP deflator for natural prices) and the level of actual market prices, Р (at GDP deflator for market prices).…”

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confidence: 99%

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2019

Economy and forecasting

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It has been empirically proven that the business cycle dating model is inextricably linked with defining the boundaries of periods of stable and instable economic development. The author compares the methods of dating US economic cycles in accordance with the model of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the proposed in this article CMI model of cycles. Shown certain competitive advantages of dating СМІ cycles based on the CMI model against the NBER model, in which case there may be periods of ambiguity in dating. The article demonstrates that the use of the author's СМІ model for dating business cycles avoids the ambiguities that arise in the official dating of recessions based on the classic US NBER model of cycles. The dating of US business cycles with the CMI model revealed a cumulative effect of reducing unemployment, which explains that even with relatively small economic growth, which, however, lasts for a sufficiently long period of time, a significant overall reduction in the unemployment rate can be achieved. The equation to determine the cumulative market imperfections first index (∆Р) reflects the current balance between inflation, employment and economic growth for each moment of real (calendar) time and defines fundamental trends, which can be enhanced (weakened) by random events (external shocks, government actions, speculators, etc.). Therefore, despite the single driving force behind economic cycles, which is quantified by magnitude (∆Р), the configuration of each real cycle is unique. It is shown that the CMI model of economic cycle provides tools to achieve synergies from different types of regulation to maximize economic growth and employment at acceptable inflation by increasing the length of the stability period while reducing the magnitude of cumulative market failure.

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Economic cycle as a combination of stability and instability in economic development

Bandura¹

2019

Economy and forecasting

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It has been empirically proven that the business cycle dating model is inextricably linked with defining the boundaries of periods of stable and instable economic development. The author compares the methods of dating US economic cycles in accordance with the model of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the proposed in this article CMI model of cycles. Shown certain competitive advantages of dating СМІ cycles based on the CMI model against the NBER model, in which case there may be periods of ambiguity in dating. The article demonstrates that the use of the author's СМІ model for dating business cycles avoids the ambiguities that arise in the official dating of recessions based on the classic US NBER model of cycles. The dating of US business cycles with the CMI model revealed a cumulative effect of reducing unemployment, which explains that even with relatively small economic growth, which, however, lasts for a sufficiently long period of time, a significant overall reduction in the unemployment rate can be achieved. The equation to determine the cumulative market imperfections first index (∆Р) reflects the current balance between inflation, employment and economic growth for each moment of real (calendar) time and defines fundamental trends, which can be enhanced (weakened) by random events (external shocks, government actions, speculators, etc.). Therefore, despite the single driving force behind economic cycles, which is quantified by magnitude (∆Р), the configuration of each real cycle is unique. It is shown that the CMI model of economic cycle provides tools to achieve synergies from different types of regulation to maximize economic growth and employment at acceptable inflation by increasing the length of the stability period while reducing the magnitude of cumulative market failure.

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Optimization of macroeconomic policy and stabilization of cyclical economic dynamics

Bandura¹

2021

Economy and forecasting

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This paper demonstrates that, despite the current mandate of monetary policy, its final goal (at least for central banks of developed countries) is the control of three main macroeconomic variables — economic growth, employment and inflation, — regardless on actual mandate for this policy. However, the priorities of realization of the final goal may face the imperfection of macroeconomic models and rules of monetary policy, which will make it impossible to control all three macroeconomic variables at the same time. The article proposes a new instrument for monetary policy — aggregate cumulative market imperfection — to optimize macroeconomic variables and stabilize cyclical economic dynamics. The author demonstrates the main competitive advantages of this instrument of monetary policy as compared with typical models of macroeconomic dynamics and simple rules of monetary policy (Simons, Friedman, and Taylor rules). In particular, this instrument is valid for any combination of market conditions, for any economy and for any moment of real time. It can be used simultaneously as: 1) a target of monetary policy; 2) a simple rule of monetary policy correction in the short-run; 3) a reaction function to evaluate a backward connection between the regulator’s actions and the effect of these actions on current economic situation; and 4) an instrument to stabilize cyclical economic dynamics; 5) an instrument to forecast starting (ending) point of recessions and shift in macroeconomic trends. If we can hold the aggregate cumulative market imperfection within a given optimal interval with the help of government regulations (i.e. to target this indicator only) using all possible instruments both of monetary, and (if necessary) of other kinds of regulation policy, we will be able to optimize all three main macroeconomic variables. Optimality of these variables means providing maximum economic growth and employment under comfortable inflation for any combination of market conditions and for any moment of calendar time, which will at the same time stabilize cyclical economic dynamics. In doing so, we will not target each of these three variables separately, that is, it is practically impossible to determine quantitatively their optimal values as they change permanently over time together with the constant change of current combination of market conditions.

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General economic cycles model – cumulative inefficiency model

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

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Economic cycle as a combination of stability and instability in economic development

Optimization of macroeconomic policy and stabilization of cyclical economic dynamics

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