General-purpose harmonic balance analysis of nonlinear microwave circuits under multitone excitation

Rizzoli, Vittorio; Cecchetti, C.; Lipparini, Andrea; Mastri, Franco

doi:10.1109/22.17396

Cited by 93 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This method is able to include the endothermal source as well. It takes into account nonlinear phenomena by using the Harmonic Balance numerical technique [Rizzoli et al, 1988]. Within this approach, the heat fluxes F Tsun and F Tsky are equivalent to alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) ideal current sources, respectively, at the line input, whereas F Tendo is a DC current generator, at the line termination.…”

Section: Appendix A: Heat Flow Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As briefly discussed in Appendix A, the heat flow equation is solved following the method described by Di Carlofelice and Tognolatti [2009], based on transmission line formalism. This method is able to take into account nonlinear phenomena, due to blackbody radiation (through the Stefan-Boltzmann "fourth power" law) and the temperature dependence of conductivity for superficial layers, through the Harmonic Balance method [Rizzoli et al, 1988].…”

Section: Moon Spatiotemporal Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Remote sensing of the Moon's subsurface with multifrequency microwave radiometers: A numerical study

Montopoli¹,

Carlofelice

Tognolatti

et al. 2011

Radio Science

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[1] Within the renewed interest in the study of the Moon, in 2006 the European Space Agency approved a feasibility study for the European Student Moon Orbiter (ESMO) mission. In order to accomplish the ESMO mission objectives, a Microwave Radiometric Sounder (MiWaRS) was selected as a possible payload for flight on the ESMO satellite. This work summarizes the results of a numerical analysis of MiWaRS sounding capabilities. An (inhomogeneous) multilayer model of the microwave emission from the Moon's subsurface is presented, focusing the attention on the Moon's morphological, thermal, and dielectric properties. These properties have been determined and parameterized after a thorough investigation of available measurements and models. To this end, a radiative transfer numerical model, neglecting volume scattering, is coupled with a nonlinear thermal equation to simulate the microwave emission of the Moon's subsurface. Numerical simulations between L and Ka bands are performed to investigate the capability of MiWaRS to sound the characteristics of the Moon's regolith subsurface and detect the presence of rocks and ice under the near-surface regolith layer. Under these forward model assumptions, results show that the Moon's brightness temperature response allows the detection of discontinuities within regolith media down to 2 and 5 m depth when channels at 3 and 1 GHz are used, respectively. Lunar near-surface temperature may be also estimated within an accuracy less than a few kelvins. The discrimination of ice from rock by MiWaRS is hardly practicable and is limited to the presence of ice in the upper layers (with a depth less than 20 cm) beneath the lunar crust.Citation: Montopoli, M., A. Di Carlofelice, P. Tognolatti, and F. S. Marzano (2011), Remote sensing of the Moon's subsurface with multifrequency microwave radiometers: A numerical study, Radio Sci., 46, RS1012,

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Section: Appendix A: Heat Flow Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Moon Spatiotemporal Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of the Moon's subsurface with multifrequency microwave radiometers: A numerical study

Montopoli¹,

Carlofelice

Tognolatti

et al. 2011

Radio Science

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“…In order to consider the reason for this degradation, the polarization characteristics are analyzed in the following. The possible approaches are the method in Gutmann and Borregos paper [10], where the reduction of the output power, when the rectennas with different operating points are connected in parallel, is described using the equivalent circuit, as well as the method using the nonlinear circuit simulator [11].…”

Section: Reason For Efficiency Reduction In Linear Polarization Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experiment on the polarization angle characteristics of a dual polarization rectenna

Fujino¹,

Fujita²,

Kaya

et al. 2000

Electron. Comm. Jpn. Pt. I

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“…In Section 3, large signal analysis results are compared. For large signal analysis, we use the harmonic balance method [12]. Measurements are included in Section 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 6 Diode and 6 Transistor Mixers Based on Analysis and Measurement

Ladvánszky

Osbath

2016

Advances in Electrical Engineering

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Our goal is to overview semiconductor mixers designed for good large signal performance. Twelve different mixers were compared utilizing pn diodes, bipolar transistors, and/or junction field effect transistors. The main aspect of comparison is the third-order intercept point (IP3), and both circuit analysis and measurement results have been considered. IP3 has been analyzed by the program AWR (NI AWR Design Environment) and measured by two-tone test (Keysight Technologies). We provide three ways of improvement of large signal performance: application of a diplexer at the RF port, reduction of DC currents, and exploiting a region of RF input power with infinite IP3. In addition to that, our contributions are several modifications of existing mixers and a new mixer circuit (as illustrated in the figures). It is widely believed that the slope of the third-order intermodulation product versus input power is always greater than that of the first-order product. However, measurement and analysis revealed (as illustrated in the figures) that the two lines may be parallel over a broad range of input power, thus resulting in infinite IP3. Mixer knowledge may be useful for a wide range of readers because almost every radio contains at least one mixer.

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General-purpose harmonic balance analysis of nonlinear microwave circuits under multitone excitation

Cited by 93 publications

References 34 publications

Remote sensing of the Moon's subsurface with multifrequency microwave radiometers: A numerical study

Remote sensing of the Moon's subsurface with multifrequency microwave radiometers: A numerical study

An experiment on the polarization angle characteristics of a dual polarization rectenna

Comparison of 6 Diode and 6 Transistor Mixers Based on Analysis and Measurement

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