Generalized Avalanche Test for Stream Cipher Analysis

Mishra, P. R.; Gupta, Indivar; Pillai, N. Rajesh

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24586-2_15

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For both cases, Z = Y ⊕ Y . If an algorithm does not exhibit sufficient Avalanche Effect compliance it would be extremely vulnerable to chosen-plaintext attacks, so this kind of analysis is regarded as a conventional test ran to evaluate cryptographic algorithms' strength [Ramanujam and Karuppiah (2011); Mishra et al (2011); Nadu (2018)]. The method presented in Section 3 was tested according to the specifications listed in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2.…”

Section: Avalanche Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reversible system based on hybrid toggle radius-4 cellular automata and its application as a block cipher

Lira¹,

Macêdo²,

Lima³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The dynamical system described herein uses a hybrid cellular automata (CA) mechanism to attain reversibility, and this approach is adapted to create a novel block cipher algorithm called HCA. CA are widely used for modeling complex systems and employ an inherently parallel model. Therefore, applications derived from CA have a tendency to fit very well in the current computational paradigm where scalability and multi-threading potential are quite desirable characteristics. HCA model has recently received a patent by the Brazilian agency INPI. Several evaluations and analyses performed on the model are presented here, such as theoretical discussions related to its reversibility and an analysis based on graph theory, which reduces HCA security to the well-known Hamiltonian cycle problem that belongs to the NP-complete class. Finally, the cryptographic robustness of HCA is empirically evaluated through several tests, including avalanche property compliance and the NIST randomness suite.Keywords cellular automata • reversibility • cryptography • block cipher

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Section: Avalanche Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reversible system based on hybrid toggle radius-4 cellular automata and its application as a block cipher

Lira¹,

Macêdo²,

Lima³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These two criteria measure different characteristics of the change's effect that an input bit has on the output bits; while the SAC verifies uniformity in the distribution of each output bit, the BIC measures the degree of independence between the output bits [15]. The SAC has been extended to be applied to stream ciphers [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In [22], the RC4 stream cipher [23] was evaluated through the SAC and the existence of statistical dependence between the input bits and outputs of the RC4 was detected for inputs of large size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bit Independence Criterion Extended to Stream Ciphers

et al. 2020

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The bit independence criterion was proposed to evaluate the security of the S-boxes used in block ciphers. This paper proposes an algorithm that extends this criterion to evaluate the degree of independence between the bits of inputs and outputs of the stream ciphers. The effectiveness of the algorithm is experimentally confirmed in two scenarios: random outputs independent of the input, in which it does not detect dependence, and in the RC4 ciphers, where it detects significant dependencies related to some known weaknesses. The complexity of the algorithm is estimated based on the number of inputs l, and the dimensions, n and m, of the inputs and outputs, respectively.

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“…Both the key and IV bits should meet the key avalanche criteria, i.e., for any keys and IVs, the sequences generated should be drastically different 72 and the possibility of related keys or equivalent keys should not occur. According to avalanche criteria, a small change in input bits to the cipher system should make a drastic change (50% dissimilarity) randomly in the output key sequence bits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptanalysis of an Image Cipher using Multi entropy Measures and the Countermeasures

Ratan

Yadav

2020

Def. Sc. Jl.

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The use of same keys or equivalent keys should not be occurred in cryptographic communications because a cipher system utilising such keys to secure messages can be attacked even it possesses excellent cryptographic characteristics for extracting intelligible information from encrypted messages. Identification of crypts formed with such keys is an important task of traffic analysis of cryptographic communications to check the applicability of two-messages-on-same-key (TMSK) attack. To avoid its applicability, adequate safeguards are required. In the paper, we cryptanalyze stream encryption based cipher system and propose an intelligent identification methodology using multi-entropy measures and soft decision criteria for identification of encrypted images of same or equivalent keys. Experimental test results show that the crypts formed with same keys can be identified successfully with high precision. We also present the countermeasures against TMSK attack.

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Generalized Avalanche Test for Stream Cipher Analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

A reversible system based on hybrid toggle radius-4 cellular automata and its application as a block cipher

A reversible system based on hybrid toggle radius-4 cellular automata and its application as a block cipher

Bit Independence Criterion Extended to Stream Ciphers

Cryptanalysis of an Image Cipher using Multi entropy Measures and the Countermeasures

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