Generalized grating equation for virtually-imaged phased-array spectral dispersers

Abstract

The virtually-imaged phased array (VIPA) is a side-entrance etalon with potential application as a high-resolution spectral disperser for wavelength division multiplexing. Here we present an approximate analytical spectral dispersion law for the VIPA, which we confirm experimentally.

Multistage VIPA etalons for high-extinction parallel Brillouin spectroscopy

“…For each stage, the dispersion angle, ϕ k , imposed on a beam of wavelength λ by the k th VIPA interferometer was previously derived in both plane-wave and paraxial approximations [13,14]. The focal length f k of the spherical lens, S kf , after the VIPA determines the linear dispersion power, $s_k$, of the k th stage:…”

Two‐dimensional spectrum detection based on the imperfect virtually imaged phased array

“…The combination of the VIPA and diffraction grating can realize a 2D disperser. In the past decades, numerous researchers have been dedicated to investigate the VIPA and they put forward various theoretical models to describe its dispersion law . Shirasaki demonstrated VIPA as a large angular dispersion and put it into application to a wavelength demultiplexer by supposing it a parallel plate.…”

“…Shirasaki demonstrated VIPA as a large angular dispersion and put it into application to a wavelength demultiplexer by supposing it a parallel plate. Vega determined that the phase fronts of the two parallel paths match the interference condition based on plane wave theory to obtain the dispersion law . Xiao assumed a Gaussian input beam multiply reflecting between the two parallel surfaces based on paraxial wave theory to derive the dispersion law .…”

Single-order transmission diffraction gratings based on dispersion engineered all-dielectric metasurfaces

“…While some specialized gratings, such as the blazed gratings, maximize the power in a given order, the achievable efficiency in a chosen order can never be unity due to the unavoidable presence of the zeroth order [6]. An excellent alternative to diffraction gratings, is a virtual image phased array (VIPA) device [7] [8]. While they provide fine wavelength resolutions, they exhibit small free-spectral ranges resulting in small bandwidth of operation.…”