Generation, absorption, and transfer of mechanical energy during walking in children

Umberger, Brian R.; Augsburger, Sam; Resig, JoAnne; Oeffinger, Donna; Shapiro, Robert; Tylkowski, Chester

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.07.010

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Energy transfer between segments plays an important role in performance of a wide variety of human motions. For example, it is important for the economy of human walking (Umberge et al, 2013) and essential in any sport performance involving high speed movements like kicks, pitches and strokes. Commonly used methods for investigating the mechanical energy flow during the gait are based on kinematics of the center of mass (Bennett et al, 2005), segment kinematics (Olney et al, 1987) or joint power (Robertson and Winter, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of mechanical energy during the shot put

Błażkiewicz

Łysoń

Chmielewski

et al. 2016

Journal of Human Kinetics

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The aim of this study was to analyse transfer of mechanical energy between body segments during the glide shot put. A group of eight elite throwers from the Polish National Team was analysed in the study. Motion analysis of each throw was recorded using an optoelectronic Vicon system composed of nine infrared camcorders and Kistler force plates. The power and energy were computed for the phase of final acceleration of the glide shot put. The data were normalized with respect to time using the algorithm of the fifth order spline and their values were interpolated with respect to the percentage of total time, assuming that the time of the final weight acceleration movement was different for each putter. Statistically significant transfer was found in the study group between the following segments: Right Knee – Right Hip (p = 0.0035), Left Hip - Torso (p = 0.0201), Torso – Right Shoulder (p = 0.0122) and Right Elbow – Right Wrist (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, the results of cluster analysis showed that the kinetic chain used during the final shot acceleration movement had two different models. Differences between the groups were revealed mainly in the energy generated by the hips and trunk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of mechanical energy during the shot put

Błażkiewicz

Łysoń

Chmielewski

et al. 2016

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…The energy absorbed by lower limb joints during stair descent was 73% of the potential energy loss. The rest 27% of the potential energy may be handled by linear mechanical work in lower limb segments [ 3 ]. Therefore, for the better understanding of the energy absorption mechanism in different walking strategies, it is desirable to consider flow of linear mechanical energy as well, which requires further investigations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Walking is one of the essential activities of human living, and it requires complex coordination of multiple muscles, tendons, and ligaments [ 1 , 2 ]. Mechanical energy flows manipulated by the coordination of multiple joints may provide a profound understanding of the walking mechanisms [ 3 ]. For example, the impact of the leading leg on the ground dissipates (absorbs) mechanical energy and the trailing leg generates mechanical power during double stance phase of level walking [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy absorption at lower limb joints in different foot contact strategies while descending stairs

Jeon

Lee

et al. 2021

THC

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BACKGROUND: Joint loads in different walking strategies during stair descent have been investigated in terms of the joint moment in association with the risk of osteoarthritis. However, the absorption mechanisms of the potential energy loss are not known. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the mechanical energy absorptions in lower limb joints in different initial foot contact strategies. METHODS: Nineteen young subjects walked down on instrumented stairs with two different strategies, i.e., forefoot and rearfoot strike. Power and energy at lower limb joints during stance phase were compared between strategies. RESULTS: Lower limb joints absorbed 73 ± 11% of the potential energy released by descending stairs and there was no difference between strategies. Rearfoot strategy absorbed less energy than forefoot strategy at the ankle joint in the 1st phase, which was compensated mainly by more energy absorption at the knee in the 2nd phase and less energy generation at the hip joints in the 3rd phase. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a leg absorbs most of the potential energy while descending stairs irrespective of the walking strategies and that any reduction of energy absorption at one joint is compensated by other joints. Greater energy absorption at the knee joint compared to the other joints suggests high burden of knee joint muscles and connective tissues during stair-descent, which is even more significant for the rearfoot strike strategy.

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“…Após encontrado algum padrão, é possível analisar como diferentes grupos de indivíduos se aproximam desse perfil, permitindo então, sugerir quão eficientes ou próximos desse "padrão" estão para determinada tarefa. Nessa perspectiva, Umberger et al (2013) objetivaram caracterizar essa transferência de energia em crianças durante a marcha e (CZERNIECKI; GITTER; BECK, 1996) avaliaram a estratégia compensatória de transferência de energia entre segmentos em corredores amputados.…”

Section: Transferência De Energia Mecânica Entre Os Segmentosunclassified

Análise biomecânica do chute frontal Mae geri: cinemática, cinética e transferência de energia entre os segmentos

Ribeiro¹

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Introdução: No Karatê o chute frontal Mae geri é considerado uma técnica de simples execução, porém muito eficiente e muito utilizada em competições. Os fundamentos do Karatê descrevem que o melhor desempenho do chute será alcançado quando as forças de todas as partes do corpo forem utilizadas simultaneamente, do centro do corpo para as extremidades, o que parece ser suportado pelo princípio biomecânico de coordenação de impulsos parciais. Para que o chute seja eficiente e atinja a máxima velocidade, a transferência de energia mecânica entre os segmentos deve acontecer de tal maneira que os segmentos envolvidos no golpe se movimentem dentro de uma sequência no sentido proximal-distal. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral avaliar parâmetros cinemáticos e cinéticos do Mae geri para compreender a dinâmica do golpe realizado por caratecas de diferentes níveis de treinamento. Método: Doze caratecas do grupo faixa preta (12,75 ± 8,91 anos de prática) e sete caratecas do grupo faixa branca (1,18 ± 0,88 anos de prática) executaram o Mae geri. Com os dados de cinemática dos segmentos (pelve, coxa, perna e pé) do membro inferior de ataque e de força de reação do solo foram calculadas as velocidades lineares, velocidades angulares, os torques, as potências e as transferências de energia entre os segmentos. Resultados: No grupo faixa preta as magnitudes de velocidade linear dos segmentos foram significativamente maiores do que no grupo faixa branca, resultando em menor duração total do golpe no grupo faixa preta. O Mae geri do grupo faixa preta é caracterizado no início do golpe por uma transferência de energia mecânica dos segmentos distais para os segmentos proximais de todas articulações analisadas (quadril, joelho e tornozelo), com maior magnitude de energia mecânica sendo transferida do pé para a perna, ainda com o pé no chão. Após tirar o pé de ataque do chão, a transferência de energia mecânica da coxa para a pelve apresenta um aumento de magnitude. No último terço do golpe, há uma transferência de energia mecânica da perna para a coxa na articulação do joelho e da perna para o pé na articulação do tornozelo. O grupo faixa branca tem um comportamento diferente de transferência de energia mecânica entre os segmentos comparado ao grupo faixa preta, principalmente no último terço do golpe. Além disso, magnitudes de geração de potência pelos músculos para os segmentos, de absorção de potência pelos músculos a partir dos segmentos e transferência de energia mecânica entre segmentos foram significativamente maiores no grupo faixa preta. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a transferência de energia mecânica entre os segmentos permite que caratecas faixa preta executem o Mae geri de acordo com os princípios biomecânicos de coordenação dos impulsos parciais, respeitando uma sequência de movimentos no sentido proximal-distal. O nível de treinamento dos caratecas implica em diferenças no comportamento das velocidades dos segmentos e na transferência de energia entre os segmentos, o que influencia na eficiência ...

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Generation, absorption, and transfer of mechanical energy during walking in children

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Transfer of mechanical energy during the shot put

Transfer of mechanical energy during the shot put

Energy absorption at lower limb joints in different foot contact strategies while descending stairs

Análise biomecânica do chute frontal Mae geri: cinemática, cinética e transferência de energia entre os segmentos

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