Genetic Alteration of Zymomonas Mobilis for Ethanol Production

Skotnicki, M. L.; Lee, K. J.; Tribe, D. E.; Rogers, Peter L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4142-0_22

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The organization of the Z. mobilis trp genes seems to be similar to the organization found in Rhizobium spp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Pseudomonas acidovorans. The trpF, trpB, and trpA genes appeared to be linked, but they were not closely associated with trpD or trpC genes.Zymomonas mobilis is a gram-negative bacterium with good potential for industrial fermentation of ethanol, but it is also interesting for its unusual biology (25,35,37). It is obligatorily fermentative, using only an Entner-Doudoroff pathway leading to the production of ethanol and CO2.…”

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“…The catabolism of carbohydrates appears to be limited, since only glucose, fructose, or sucrose will support growth. However, Z. mobilis is able to synthesize its own amino acids and nucleotides (37).Genetic analysis of Z. mobilis has been limited by inefficient methods of gene transfer (4,25,35,37). Conjugation with broad-host-range plasmids is possible (4,25,35), but the plasmids are often unstable in Z. mobilis (25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zymomonas mobilis is a gram-negative bacterium with good potential for industrial fermentation of ethanol, but it is also interesting for its unusual biology (25,35,37). It is obligatorily fermentative, using only an Entner-Doudoroff pathway leading to the production of ethanol and CO2.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Genetic analysis of Z. mobilis has been limited by inefficient methods of gene transfer (4,25,35,37). Conjugation with broad-host-range plasmids is possible (4,25,35), but the plasmids are often unstable in Z. mobilis (25).…”

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“…Conjugation with broad-host-range plasmids is possible (4,25,35), but the plasmids are often unstable in Z. mobilis (25). The Z. mobilis chromosome can be mobilized by using the broadhost-range plasmid R68.45 (27,35), but genetic mapping has not been reported. Since classical genetic mapping techniques are limited, it may be necessary to study the organization of Z. mobilis genes by molecular cloning and physical mapping.…”

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Cosmid cloning of five Zymomonas trp genes by complementation of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida trp mutants

1988

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A library of Zymomonas mobilis genomic DNA was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid pLAFR1. The library was mobilized into a variety of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida trp mutants by using the helper plasmid pRK2013. Five Z. mobiis trp genes were identified by the ability to complement the trp mutants. The trpF, trpB, and trpA genes were on one cosmid, while the trpD and thpC genes were on two separate cosmids. The organization of the Z. mobilis trp genes seems to be similar to the organization found in Rhizobium spp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Pseudomonas acidovorans. The trpF, trpB, and trpA genes appeared to be linked, but they were not closely associated with trpD or trpC genes.Zymomonas mobilis is a gram-negative bacterium with good potential for industrial fermentation of ethanol, but it is also interesting for its unusual biology (25,35,37). It is obligatorily fermentative, using only an Entner-Doudoroff pathway leading to the production of ethanol and CO2. The catabolism of carbohydrates appears to be limited, since only glucose, fructose, or sucrose will support growth. However, Z. mobilis is able to synthesize its own amino acids and nucleotides (37).Genetic analysis of Z. mobilis has been limited by inefficient methods of gene transfer (4,25,35,37). Conjugation with broad-host-range plasmids is possible (4,25,35), but the plasmids are often unstable in Z. mobilis (25). The Z. mobilis chromosome can be mobilized by using the broadhost-range plasmid R68.45 (27, 35), but genetic mapping has not been reported. Since classical genetic mapping techniques are limited, it may be necessary to study the organization of Z. mobilis genes by molecular cloning and physical mapping. A few of the genes necessary for glycolysis and ethanol production have been cloned and sequenced (3,(7)(8)(9)). It appears that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase are encoded in an operon in Z. mobilis (7,8).As an initial step in the analysis of how biosynthetic genes are organized and expressed in Z. mobilis, genes involved in tryptophan biosynthesis have been cloned. The organization of genes involved in tryptophan biosynthesis has been investigated in a variety of organisms. The reactions required to synthesize tryptophan from chorismic acid are the same in all organisms investigated (10, 11). However, the number, organization, and regulation of the genes vary considerably (10, 11). For example, in enteric bacteria there are five or six genes arranged in an operon (10,41). In other gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas putida (17) In this study, five Z. mobilis trp genes were cloned by complementation of E. coli and P. putida trp mutants. The trpD and trpC genes were on two different cosmids, while trpF, trpB, and trpA were on a third cosmid. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains and growth conditions. Strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1. Z. mobilis was grown at 30°C without shaking in rich medium containing (per liter) 10 g of yeast extract, 20 g...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cosmid cloning of five Zymomonas trp genes by complementation of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida trp mutants

1988

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Zymomonas mobilis: an alternative ethanol producer

Panesar

Marwaha

Kennedy

2006

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

126

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Zymomonas mobilis is a unique bacterium in the microbial world, and offers a number of advantages over the existing ethanol-producing microorganisms. Being a prokaryote, it is more amenable to genetic manipulations. Thus, it has attracted great attention in the ethanol production world and efforts have been made to commercialize its application for the purpose. Despite the various efforts made worldwide, none of the processes using this microbe has been commercialized owing to certain bottlenecks. To circumvent the hindrances currently associated with a Zymomonas process, researchers have made various attempts to improve the technology using different techniques. This paper reviews the different substrates and the genetic improvement techniques with special emphasis on mutagenesis and recombinant DNA technology used for ethanol production by Zymomonas strains.

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