Genetic characterization of influenza B virus in Cameroon and high frequency of reassortant strains

Monamele, Chavely Gwladys; Vernet, Marie‐Astrid; Njankouo, Mohamadou Ripa; Kenmoe, Sébastien; Schoenhals, Matthieu; Yahaya, Ali Ahmed; Anong, Damian Nota; Akoachere, Jane Francis; Njouom, Richard

doi:10.1002/jmv.25273

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The phylogenetic analysis and IBV lineages detection showed a co-circulation of B/Vic and B/Yam lineages in Senegal, with a predominance of the B/Vic lineage. Similar observations were noted in other countries, such as Australia and New Zealand [ 43 ], Kenya [ 44 ], Italy [ 45 ] and Cameroon [ 46 ]. Analysis of the HA phylogenetic tree showed the circulation of two Yamagata lineage clades (clade 2 and 3) and two Victoria lineage clades (clade 1A and 1B) in Senegal from 2010 to 2019.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…We also observed that the clade 1A of B/Vic and the clade 3 of B/Yam were the only circulating strains in Senegal since 2012 and 2015, respectively. As observed in Senegal, circulations of B/Vic (clade 1A and 1B) and B/Yam (clades 2 and 3) viruses were reported in several countries, including Kenya [ 44 ], Thailand [ 38 ], Italy [ 45 ], Uruguay [ 36 ], Malaysia [ 30 ], China [ 28 ] and Cameroon [ 46 ]. Nonetheless, the shift in patterns of dominance of the clades can differ from one country to another.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and Molecular Analyses of Influenza B Viruses in Senegal from 2010 to 2019

Touré

Fall

Andriamandimby

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Influenza virus types A and B are responsible for acute viral infections that affect annually 1 billion people, with 290,000 to 650,000 deaths worldwide. In this study, we investigated the circulation of influenza B viruses over a 10-year period (2010–2019). Specimens from patients suspected of influenza infection were collected. Influenza detection was performed following RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR. Genes coding for hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of influenza B viruses were partially sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out subsequently. During the study period, we received and tested a total of 15,156 specimens. Influenza B virus was detected in 1322 (8.7%) specimens. The mean age of influenza B positive patients was 10.9 years. When compared to reference viruses, HA genes from Senegalese circulating viruses showed deletions in the HA1 region. Phylogenetic analysis highlighted the co-circulation of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineage viruses with reassortant viruses. We also noted a clear seasonal pattern of circulation of influenza B viruses in Senegal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Molecular Analyses of Influenza B Viruses in Senegal from 2010 to 2019

Touré

Fall

Andriamandimby

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Previous observations exhibit that influenza B viruses are genetically more stable, evolve more slowly and undergo antigenic drift less rapidly as compared with type A viruses [30, 31]. The reassortment of gene segments between and within lineages, as well as different deletions, insertions and substitutions, generate the genetic diversity of these viruses and allow them to escape host immunity [32–34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of influenza B/Yamagata lineage viruses in Bulgaria during the 2017/2018 season

et al. 2019

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In this study, we investigated the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2017/2018 season. The detection and typing/subtyping of influenza viruses were performed using real-time RT-PCR. Results of antigenic characterisation, phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analyses of representative influenza strains are presented. The season was characterised by the predominance of B/Yamagata viruses, accounting for 77% of detected influenza viruses, followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 (17%), B/Victoria (3.7%) and A(H3N2) (2.4%). The sequenced B/Yamagata, B/Victoria, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses belonged to the genetic groups 3, 1A, 6B.1 and 3C.2a1, respectively. Amino acid analysis of B/Yamagata isolates revealed the presence of three changes in haemagglutinin (HA), eight changes in neuraminidase (NA) and a number of substitutions in internal proteins compared with the B/Phucket/3073/2013 vaccine virus. Despite the amino acid changes, B/Yamagata viruses remained antigenically related to the vaccine strain. B/Victoria isolates fell into a group of viruses with double deletion (Δ162–163) in HA1. Substitutions in HA and NA sequences of B/Victoria, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were also identified compared with the vaccine strains, including in antigenic sites. The results of this study confirm the genetic variability of circulating influenza viruses and the need for continual antigenic and molecular surveillance.

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“…Laboratory confirmation techniques were based on molecular detection by realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the majority of countries 17 – 19 , 32 – 34 , 39 , 49 , 214 . However, countries with national influenza centers used culture and sequencing in addition to the molecular method 48 , 71 , 75 , 82 , 84 , 96 ( Table II ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review

Lagaré¹,

Rajatonirina²,

Testa³

et al. 2020

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Influenza infection is a serious public health problem that causes an estimated 3 to 5 million cases and 250,000 deaths worldwide every year. The epidemiology of influenza is well-documented in high- and middle-income countries, however minimal effort had been made to understand the epidemiology, burden and seasonality of influenza in Africa. This study aims to assess the state of knowledge of seasonal influenza epidemiology in Africa and identify potential data gaps for policy formulation following the 2009 pandemic. Method: We reviewed articles from Africa published into four databases namely: MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Scientific Research Publishing from 2010 to 2019. Results: We screened titles and abstracts of 2070 studies of which 311 were selected for full content evaluation and 199 studies were considered. Selected articles varied substantially on the basis of the topics they addressed covering the field of influenza surveillance (n=80); influenza risk factors and co-morbidities (n=15); influenza burden (n=37); influenza vaccina- tion (n=40); influenza and other respiratory pathogens (n=22) and influenza diagnosis (n=5). Conclusion: Significant progress has been made since the last pandemic in understanding the influenza epidemiology in Africa. However, efforts still remain for most countries to have sufficient data to allow countries to prioritize strategies for influenza prevention and control. Keywords: Influenza; epidemiology; review; Africa; post pandemic.

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Genetic characterization of influenza B virus in Cameroon and high frequency of reassortant strains

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Epidemiology and Molecular Analyses of Influenza B Viruses in Senegal from 2010 to 2019

Epidemiology and Molecular Analyses of Influenza B Viruses in Senegal from 2010 to 2019

Predominance of influenza B/Yamagata lineage viruses in Bulgaria during the 2017/2018 season

The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review

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