Genetic characterization of parvoviruses circulating in turkey and chicken flocks in Poland

Abstract

Between 2008 and 2011, commercial turkey and chicken flocks in Poland were examined for the presence of turkey parvovirus (TuPV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV). Clinical samples (10 individual faecal swabs/flock) from 197 turkey flocks (turkeys aged 1 to 19 weeks) and 45 chicken flocks (chickens aged 3 to 17 weeks) were collected in different regions of the country and tested using a PCR assay that targeted the NS1 gene (3’ORF). The prevalence of TuPV was 29.4 % in the flocks tested, while ChPV infections were found in 22.2 % of the studied flocks. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear division into three groups: ChPV-like, TuPV-like and a third, previously unrecognized and distinct subgroup, TuPV-LUB, containing exclusively three Polish isolates from turkeys. The isolates from the novel group showed as little as 50.6-64.5 % of nucleotide sequence identity to the prototype chicken and turkey parvovirus strains. Genetic analysis of a ChPV isolate that was classified in the TuPV group strongly suggests a recombination event between chicken and turkey parvoviruses.

Avian parvovirus: classification, phylogeny, pathogenesis and diagnosis

“…Moreover, NS gene sequences revealed the presence of genetically divergent TuPV with higher identities with chicken rather than turkey strains. The possibility of interspecies transmission has been suggested for chicken and turkey parvoviruses (Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2012;Murgia et al, 2012;Sharafeldin et al, 2017). Recent evolutionary and biological studies showed the lack of ability of ChPV and TuPV to cross-infect heterologous hosts and were highly adapted to their respective host species.…”

“…Epidemiological investigations demonstrated wide distribution of parvoviruses in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the United States and European countries including Hungary, Poland and Croatia Bidin et al, 2011;Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2012). Recent surveys indicated incidence of ChPV from Asia (South Korea and China), Brazil, Canada and United Kingdom (Fountain et al, 2011;Koo et al, 2013;Nuñez et al, 2015;Devaney et al, 2016;Feng et al, 2016).…”

“…The subsequent surveys reported the presence of parvoviruses in several chicken and turkey flocks in Hungary . The incidence of viruses was reported in poultry flocks experiencing the enteric disease syndrome and also in healthy chickens and turkeys Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2012Murgia et al, 2012;Mettifogo et al, 2014). Recently, the occurrence of TuPV has been reported in Light Turkey Syndrome (LTS) from USA (Sharafeldin et al, 2017).…”

“…Subsequently, these findings were confirmed by determination of genome sequence which is composed of single stranded DNA molecules with self-replicating features . It has been documented that parvoviruses are frequently detected in enteric disease syndrome Bidin et al, 2011;Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2012). However, the role of chicken and turkey parvoviruses in the a etiology of enteric diseases is not yet well understood.…”

Virus-induced immunosuppression in turkeys (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>): A review

“…In turkeys, a distinct group has been detected in the subfamily of Parvovirinae, which has been recognized as a causative agent of naturally occurring enteric infections and possible neurologic troubles in turkeys and chickens (Zsak et al, 2008;Marusak et al, 2010). Genetic studies revealed differences between chicken and turkey's parvovirus strains (Zsak et al, 2008;Domanska-Blicharz et al, 2012;Sharafeldin et al, 2017). The implication of parvoviruses in complex enteric diseases has been reported in chicken and turkeys since 1980s (Trampel et al, 1983;Kisary et al, 1984).…”