Genetic Characterization of Rabies Virus Isolates in Korea

Park, Yoo Jin; Shin, Myung K.; Kwon, Hyun-Jung

doi:10.1007/s11262-005-6777-4

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In contrast, the Africa 3 group of viruses was associated with carnivores of the family Herpestidae (mainly the yellow mongoose), which is the main vector of rabies in the central plateau of southern Africa (Davis et al , 2007; Nel et al , 2005), although only a single Africa 3 clade virus was available for study here (and none in the G gene tree). The Arctic-related clade included viruses sampled from dog, raccoon dog, arctic fox, red fox, striped skunk and wolf; these circulate as a number of lineages occupying a large area across the Northern hemisphere, ranging from central to eastern Asia (Russia, Nepal, the north of India, Korea) as well as Greenland and North America (Hyun et al , 2005; Kissi et al , 1995; Kuzmin et al , 2004; Mansfield et al , 2006; Park et al , 2005). This clade has also been documented in Iran and Pakistan (Nadin-Davis et al , 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and phylogeography of dog rabies virus

Bourhy

Reynes

Dunham

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

225

222

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Rabies is a progressively fatal and incurable viral encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus infection. Almost all of the 55 000 annual rabies deaths in humans result from infection with dog rabies viruses (RABV). Despite the importance of rabies for human health, little is known about the spread of RABV in dog populations, and patterns of biodiversity have only been studied in limited geographical space. To address these questions on a global scale, we sequenced 62 new isolates and performed an extensive comparative analysis of RABV gene sequence data, representing 192 isolates sampled from 55 countries. From this, we identified six clades of RABV in non-flying mammals, each of which has a distinct geographical distribution, most likely reflecting major physical barriers to gene flow. Indeed, a detailed analysis of phylogeographic structure revealed only limited viral movement among geographical localities. Using Bayesian coalescent methods we also reveal that the sampled lineages of canid RABV derive from a common ancestor that originated within the past 1500 years. Additionally, we found no evidence for either positive selection or widespread population bottlenecks during the global expansion of canid RABV. Overall, our study reveals that the stochastic processes of genetic drift and population subdivision are the most important factors shaping the global phylogeography of canid RABV.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and phylogeography of dog rabies virus

Bourhy

Reynes

Dunham

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

225

222

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“…However, this pathological diagnostic method may be no longer suitable for providing guidance for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) as new diagnostic methods have been developed [10,17]. In Korea, a number of rabies cases have been recently reported in only two provinces and indirect fluorescent antibody test (FAT) for the detection of rabies has been used to analyze brain samples [4,5,11]. Recent technical advances can also provide more definitive evidence of rabies virus (RABV) infection and detect the presence of the entire virion, RABV proteins, and viral genes in infected tissue [1,2,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of four diagnostic methods for detecting rabies viruses circulating in Korea

Yang

Shin²,

et al. 2012

J Vet Sci

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It is essential to rapidly and precisely diagnose rabies. In this study, we evaluated four diagnostic methods, indirect fluorescent antibody test (FAT), virus isolation (VI), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and rapid immunodiagnostic assay (RIDA), to detect rabies in animal brain homogenates. Out of the 110 animal brain samples tested, 20 (18.2%) were positive for rabies according to the FAT. Compared to the FAT, the sensitivities of VI, RT-PCR, and RIDA were 100, 100, and 95%, respectively. The specificities of VI, RT-PCR and RIDA were found to be 100, 100, and 98.9%, respectively. Rabies viruses circulating in Korea were isolated and propagated in murine neuroblastoma (NG108-15) cells with titers ranging from 10 1.5 to 10 4.5 TCID 50 /mL. Although the RIDA findings did not completely coincide with results obtained from FAT, VI, and RT-PCR, RIDA appears to be a fast and reliable assay that can be used to analyze brain samples. In summary, the results from our study showed that VI, RT-PCR, and RIDA can be used as supplementary diagnostic tools for detecting rabies viruses in both laboratory and field settings.

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“…These viruses were referred to as either the Arctic or Arctic-like RABVs [11,[15][16][17][18][19]. The most western isolation point of these viruses was described in northern Iran [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic and Arctic-like rabies viruses: distribution, phylogeny and evolutionary history

et al. 2007

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Forty-one newly sequenced isolates of Arctic and Arctic-like rabies viruses, were genetically compared to each other and to those available from GenBank. Four phylogenetic lineages of Arctic viruses were identified. Arctic-1 viruses circulate in Ontario, Arctic-2 viruses circulate in Siberia and Alaska, Arctic-3 viruses circulate circumpolarly, and a newly described lineage Arctic-4 circulates locally in Alaska. The oldest available isolates from Siberia (between 1950 and 1960) belong to the Arctic-2 and Arctic-3 lineages and share 98.6-99.2% N gene identity with contemporary viruses. Two lineages of Arctic-like viruses were identified in southern Asia and the Middle East (Arctic-like-1) and eastern Asia (Arctic-like-2). A time-scaled tree demonstrates that the time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of Arctic and Arctic-like viruses is dated between 1255 and 1786. Evolution of the Arctic viruses has occurred through a northerly spread. The Arctic-like-2 lineage diverged first, whereas Arctic viruses share a TMRCA with Arctic-like-1 viruses.

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Genetic Characterization of Rabies Virus Isolates in Korea

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

The origin and phylogeography of dog rabies virus

The origin and phylogeography of dog rabies virus

Comparison of four diagnostic methods for detecting rabies viruses circulating in Korea

Arctic and Arctic-like rabies viruses: distribution, phylogeny and evolutionary history

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