Genetic differentiation of chars (Genus Salvelinus) from lake Kronotskoe based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA

Senchukova, A. L.; Павлов, С. Д.; Melnikova, M. N.; Mugue, N. S.

doi:10.1134/s0032945212040121

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Plausibly, this form of evolution may be widespread beyond the stickleback model. Rapid emergence of parallel well-differentiated autochthonous flocks in the genus Eubosmina (Cladocera: Crustacea) in European lakes [70] , flocks of Labeobarbus (Cyprinidae: Teleostei) in lakes and rivers of Ethiopia [71] , [72] , and genus Salvelinus (Salmonidae: Teleostei) [73] , [74] could be a few out of many examples of this kind of evolution from precast bricks, during which new adaptive phenotypes are repeatedly created by rearrangement of ancient genetic elements, which were formed during earlier adaptive radiations and retained in ancestral population as standing variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Evolution from Precast Bricks: Genomics of Young Freshwater Populations of Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus

et al. 2014

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Adaptation is driven by natural selection; however, many adaptations are caused by weak selection acting over large timescales, complicating its study. Therefore, it is rarely possible to study selection comprehensively in natural environments. The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a well-studied model organism with a short generation time, small genome size, and many genetic and genomic tools available. Within this originally marine species, populations have recurrently adapted to freshwater all over its range. This evolution involved extensive parallelism: pre-existing alleles that adapt sticklebacks to freshwater habitats, but are also present at low frequencies in marine populations, have been recruited repeatedly. While a number of genomic regions responsible for this adaptation have been identified, the details of selection remain poorly understood. Using whole-genome resequencing, we compare pooled genomic samples from marine and freshwater populations of the White Sea basin, and identify 19 short genomic regions that are highly divergent between them, including three known inversions. 17 of these regions overlap protein-coding genes, including a number of genes with predicted functions that are relevant for adaptation to the freshwater environment. We then analyze four additional independently derived young freshwater populations of known ages, two natural and two artificially established, and use the observed shifts of allelic frequencies to estimate the strength of positive selection. Adaptation turns out to be quite rapid, indicating strong selection acting simultaneously at multiple regions of the genome, with selection coefficients of up to 0.27. High divergence between marine and freshwater genotypes, lack of reduction in polymorphism in regions responsible for adaptation, and high frequencies of freshwater alleles observed even in young freshwater populations are all consistent with rapid assembly of G. aculeatus freshwater genotypes from pre-existing genomic regions of adaptive variation, with strong selection that favors this assembly acting simultaneously at multiple loci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Evolution from Precast Bricks: Genomics of Young Freshwater Populations of Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus

et al. 2014

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“…In the lake itself, there is joint foraging and maturation of adults of two lacustrine and five riverine spawning morphs that each has distinct food preferences and phenotypes (Markevich et al, 2018). The seven morphs are assumed to have originated from the Dolly Varden charr, Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792) (Ostberg et al, 2009;Pavlov et al, 2013), but analysis of mtDNA indicates only a low level of divergence among the morphs (Salmenkova et al, 2005;Radchenko et al, 2006;Senchukova et al, 2012). There is, as yet, no confirmation of reproductive isolation between the morphs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile divergence in adaptive traits among seven sympatric fish ecomorphs arises before moving to different lacustrine habitats

Есин

Маркевич

Pichugin

2018

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Identifying the mechanisms initiating sympatric diversification in vertebrates has remained a conceptual challenge. Here, we analyse an assemblage of sympatric charr (Salvelinus malma) morphs from landlocked Lake Kronotskoe basin as a model to uncover the divergence pathways in freshwater fishes during the early life history stages. All morphs have distinct developmental biology, but a similar developmental rate retardation compared to the ancestor. Our study reveals that adult morphological differences, which acquire functionality at maturation, originate in the early juvenile stages due to heterochrony in skeletogenesis and allometric changes triggered by variation in metabolic activity. The craniofacial differences among the morphs result from asynchronous development of several skeletal modules. The accelerated ossification of teeth-armed bones occurs in predatory feeding morphs, whereas cranial cover ossification is promoted in benthivorous morphs. These contrasting growth patterns have led to seven phenotypes that span a range far beyond the ancestral variability. The most distinct morphs are a riverine spawning, epilimnetic predator and a lacustrine spawning, profundal benthic feeder. Taken together, we argue that the adaptive morphological differentiation in these sympatric freshwater fishes is driven by diverging patterns in ossification rate and metabolic activity against a background of uneven somatic growth. This divergence is primarily associated with basic environmental differences on the nursery grounds that might be unrelated to resource use. This nonheritable phenotype divergence is then exposed to natural selection that could result in further adaptive genetic changes.

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“…The analysis of mitochondrial DNA polymorphism previously showed a low level of differences between W‐, L‐, and N‐morphs (Ostberg et al., ; Radchenko, Salmenkova, & Omel'chenko, ; Salmenkova et al., ; Senchukova et al., ). In this case, the confirmation of reproductive isolation could be analyzed thought the polymorphism of the microsatellite loci and the disruptive selection efficiency through the histo‐compatibility complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Different studies report on 3 to 7 morphs in this ecosystem (Markevich, Esin, Saltykova, et al., ; Pavlov, Kuzishchin, Gruzdeva, Senchukova, & Pivovarov, ; Viktorovsky, ). Moreover, they were proved to originate from anadromous Dolly Varden through genetic analyses (Ostberg et al., ; Senchukova, Pavlov, Mel'nikova, & Mugue, ). Seven distinct morphological types have never been observed previously for any sympatric complex in genus Salvelinus that makes the investigation of morphological and ecosystem features of the Lake Kronotskoe morphs necessary for understanding more complicated mechanisms of diversification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic description and some notes on the evolution of seven sympatric morphs of Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma from the Lake Kronotskoe Basin

Маркевич

Есин

Anisimova

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The study examines the basic morphological and ecological features of Dolly Varden from Lake Kronotskoe (Russia, Kamchatka). Seven valid morphs different in head proportions, feeding, timing, and place of spawning have been determined in this ecosystem. The basic morphometric characteristics clearly separate Lake Kronotskoe morphs from each other, as well as from its potential ancestor (Dolly Varden). According to CVA analysis, the most notable morphological characteristics determining the mouth position are the length of a lower jaw and rostrum. Furthermore, five of seven morphs inhabit different depth zones of the lake and feed on different food resources. Our data suggest that reproductive isolation may be maintained by temporal/spatial isolation for two morphs with lacustrine spawning, and by spatial isolation only for the rest of the morphs with riverine spawning. The sympatric diversity of the Lake Kronotskoe charrs is exceptionally wide, and there are no other examples for seven sympatric morphs of genus Salvelinus to coexist within a single ecosystem. This study puts forward a three‐step hypothetical model of charr divergence in Lake Kronotskoe as a potential ground for future studies.

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Genetic differentiation of chars (Genus Salvelinus) from lake Kronotskoe based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Fast Evolution from Precast Bricks: Genomics of Young Freshwater Populations of Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus

Fast Evolution from Precast Bricks: Genomics of Young Freshwater Populations of Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus

Juvenile divergence in adaptive traits among seven sympatric fish ecomorphs arises before moving to different lacustrine habitats

Basic description and some notes on the evolution of seven sympatric morphs of Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma from the Lake Kronotskoe Basin

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