Genetic diversity analysis of Tenera × Tenera and Tenera × Pisifera Crosses and D self of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) parental populations originating from Cameroon

Abstract

Abstract. Budiman LF, Apriyanto A, Pancoro A, Sudarsono S. 2019. Genetic diversity analysis of Tenera × Tenera and Tenera × Pisifera Crosses and D self of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) parental populations originating from Cameroon. Biodiversitas 20: 937-949. There are three types of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) based on the shell thickness, such as the Dura (D type, with a thick shell), the Pisifera (P type, with no or very thin shell) and the Tenera (T type, with medium shell thickness), respectively. The T type is a commercially grown oil palm, originated from hybridization between D × P types. The success of oil palm breeding depends on the availability of diverse parental populations, especially in the D and the P types. Unfortunately, the improved P type of oil palm may only be produced by crossing between Tenera (T × T) or between Tenera and Pisifera (T × P) while improved D type may easily be produced from selfing of a single Dura type palm (D self). Therefore, evaluation of the potential genetic diversity of Dura parental lines derived from D self and Pisifera lines derived from T × T or T × P is essential. The objectives of this research were to analyze the genetic diversity of T × T, T × P and D self oil palm progenies originated from Cameroon which would be used as parental population for breeding the commercial T types of oil palm in Indonesia, determine whether the progenies were from legitimate hybrids of the desired parents and evaluate their potential values for creating Tenera hybrid in the oil palm breeding programs. A total of 148 individuals from one combination of T × T and two T × P crosses and three D self-pollinations were evaluated. Genotyping was conducted using 16 SSR marker loci. The genotype data were analyzed using software for population genetic and genetic diversity analysis. Results of the analysis indicated the evaluated 16 SSR marker loci were either highly or moderately polymorphic based on their Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values. Hence, they could be used for genetic diversity analysis of the evaluated oil palm progenies. Both the T × T and T × P progenies were more diverse than the D self-ones. Clustering and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) showed that all populations were grouped into three groups consisting of (1) B02 – T × P progenies, (2) B57 – T × T progenies, and (3) the rest of the populations (a mixture of the B01 – T × P progenies, and the three D self progenies). Moreover, the third group was further divided into five sub-groups, consisting of sub-group 3.1: the B01 progenies, and sub-group 3.2 to 3.5 comprising of a mix of individuals from members of at least two different D self progenies. All the studied T × T and T × P progenies could potentially be used as improved male parents for producing future Tenera oil palm hybrid varieties. The T x T and T × P progenies had a wider genetic distance than that of the D self progenies. Moreover, for practical breeding purposes, the members of D self oil palm progenies should not be grouped based only on the family but should be based on the results of the clustering analysis. The reported data should be beneficial for aiding future oil palm breeding in Indonesia.

Application of microsatellite markers for hybrid verification and genetic analysis of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

“…The highest number of alleles (6 alleles per locus) was detected for sMg00016, whereas loci sEg00154, mEgCIR3519 and sMg00179 presented 5 alleles per locus. Similar studies involving the analysis and characterization of microsatellites in oil palm have also detected loci with highly variable number of alleles, as well as the polymorphic information content (2 to 6 alleles per locus, Bakoumé et al, 2011; 3 to 8 alleles per locus, Hama-Ali et al, 2015; 5 to 11 alleles per locus, Budiman et al, 2019). The highest polymorphism information content (PIC) value was detected for the locus sMg00179 (0.7103), while the lowest PIC value of 0.3750 was recorded for the locus sEg00151 with a mean value of 0.5843.…”

Illegitimacy Testing of Elaeis guineensis Population Based on Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

“…The SSR markers had been widely used for genetic diversity analysis of perennial estate crops (Ajambang, Sudarsono, Asmono, & Toruan, 2012;Budiman, Apriyanto, Pancoro, & Sudarsono, 2019;Cochard et al, 2009;Larekeng, Maskromo, Purwito, Mattjik, & Sudarsono, 2015;Maskromo, Larekeng, Novarianto, & Sudarsono, 2017;Natawijaya et al, 2019;Tinche, Asmono, Dinarti, & Sudarsono, 2014). SSR loci are co-dominant and are spreaded within the plant genome.…”

“…Copyright © 2019 Universitas Brawijaya Many studies have shown the presence of a high allelic variation among different plant populations (Illahi, Wiendi, & Sudarsono, 2016;Larekeng, Purwito, Mattjik, & Sudarsono, 2018;Oktavia, Kuswanhadi, Dinarty, Widodo, & Sudarsono, 2017;Purwoko, Cartealy, Tajuddin, Dinarti, & Sudarsono, 2019;Sulistiyorini, Rubiyo, & Sudarsono, 2018). The SSR markers are used as powerful tools for supporting plant breeding of many perennial crops, including oil palm (Ajambang, Sudarsono, Asmono, & Toruan, 2012;Budiman, Apriyanto, Pancoro, & Sudarsono, 2019;Larekeng, Maskromo, Purwito, Matjik, & Sudarsono, 2015;Maskromo, Larekeng, Novarianto, & Sudarsono, 2017;Natawijaya et al, 2019;Tinche, Asmono, Dinarti, & Sudarsono, 2014).…”

Genetic structure and diversity between and within African and American oil palm species based on microsatellite markers

“…Utilization of some DNA-based molecular markers to study the population genetics of oil palm has been reported by some oil palm researchers (Bakoumé et al 2014; Barcelos et al 2002;Budiman et al 2019;Hayati et al 2004;Ithnin et al 2017;Natawijaya et al 2018;Okoye et al 2016). Among molecular markers, microsatellite or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) as codominant and multiallelic markers have been widely used to estimate the oil palm genetic diversity.…”