Genetic Diversity and Structure of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in the Centre of Carpathian Basin: Implications for Conservation

Abstract

Hungary is one of the largest common carp-production countries in Europe and now, there is a large number of local breeds and strains in the country. For proper maintenance of the animal genetic resources, information on their genetic diversity and structure is essential. At present, few data are available on the genetic purity and variability of the Hungarian common carp. In this study, we genetically analyzed 13 strains in Hungary and, in addition, the Amur wild carp, using 12 microsatellite markers. A total of 117 unique alleles were detected in 630 individuals. Low levels of genetic differentiation (Fst and Cavalli–Sforza and Edwards distance) were estimated among strains. The AMOVA showed the low but significant level of genetic differentiation among strains (3.79%). Bayesian clustering analysis using STRUCTURE classified the strains into 14 different clusters. The assignment test showed that 93.64% of the individuals could be assigned correctly into their original strain. Overall, our findings can be contributed to complementing scientific knowledge for conservation and management of threatened strains of common carp.

Genetic Analysis and Status of Brown Bear Sub-Populations in Three National Parks of Greece Functioning as Strongholds for the Species’ Conservation

“…Genepop was also used for the calculation of the observed and expected heterozygosity of each locus. Subsequently, BOTTLENECK was applied to compute, for each population and for each locus, the distribution of the heterozygosity expected from the observed number of alleles (k), given the sample size ( n ), under the assumption of mutation-drift equilibrium [ 40 ], and MICRO-CHECKER in order to test loci for allele dropout and errors made during the scoring of alleles with ‘stutter’ in our data [ 34 , 41 ].…”

Genetic Structure of the Root Vole Microtus oeconomus: Resistance of the Habitat Specialist to the Natural Fragmentation of Preferred Moist Habitats

“…The most widely used molecular markers are microsatellites (short 2–5 base-pair, repeating sequences of DNA) due to their high polymorphism and possibility of amplification from a small amount of tissue [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. As in the case of other species [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], sets of microsatellite markers for the root vole have been developed and tested [ 23 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Molecular Assessments, Statistical Effectiveness Parameters and Genetic Structure of Captive Populations of Tursiops truncatus Using 15 STRs

“…T. truncatus has been characterized depending on its distribution in coastal (>20 m isobath), continental shelf (between 20–200 m depth), inshore (i.e., bays, estuaries, and sound), and oceanic (>200 m depth) waters [ 5 ]. Each assignment shows morphological, demographic, spatial, temporal, and genetic differences [ 6 ]. Given its social capacity, T. truncatus is one of the most used animals in the recreational industry and assisted therapy, being one of the most widely distributed specimens in captivity [ 7 ].…”

“…Despite its low-cost, morphological identification could be a subjective feature. To promote the most effective protection, the characterization of the genetic population architecture (diversity and structure) is crucial for efficient and effective preservation practices [ 6 ]. Thus, the first step in the reintroduction programs is to determine the genetic structure, especially in those species lacking physical dispersal barriers and coming from different geographic origins [ 16 , 17 ].…”