Genetic Diversity and The Relationship Between The Indonesian Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana) and The Related Species Using Isozyme Markers

Abstract

Indonesia was known to have high diversity of mangosteens (Garcinia mangostana) and the related species. In order to elucidate the genetics variability of the diversity, thirty three accessions were examined by using isozyme analysis. The genetic diversity and relationships among several mangosteens and other Garcinia sp were established by using four isozymes. The level of polymorphism as revealed by isoenzyme was 88%. Although mangosteen is believed to reproduce exclusively through apomixis, our result show that considerable genetic diversity exists within G. mangostana and between other Garcinia species. Based on 27 bands there were 5-42% dissimilarity level among mangosteen accessions, while the other species has 75% dissimilarity. The dendrogram is built based on isozyme marker analysis to separate clusters of mangosteen and other Garcinia sp. The data showed that G. mangostana is a close relative of G. malaccensis, G. porrecta, G. celebica, and G. hombroniana. The concurrence analysis on isozyme analysis result showed the very good fit of Rolf correlation value (0.914). This result indicated that isozymes could group G.mangostana and the related species.

Deciphering the Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) from Various Regions of Origin in Java, Indonesia

“…The genetic diversity of mangosteen in Indonesia is proven to be wide. This study validates the results of G. mangostana L.research in Indonesia 12 . Although research on the genetic diversity of G. mangostana L. in Indonesia has been reported 18,30 .…”

“…Moreover, genetic variations of some mangosteen accessions have been detected with microsatellite markers [9][10][11] . Indonesia has a high source of genetic diversity of G.mangostana L. [12][13][14] . The island of Java is the largest G.mangostana L. production center in Indonesia.…”

The origin of cultivated mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L. var. mangostana): Critical assessments and an evolutionary‐ecological perspective

“…The proposed close affinity between G. malaccensis and G. mangostana (Corner, 1997;King, 1890;Kochummen & Whitmore, 1973;Nazre, 2006;Nazre et al, 2018; has been repeatedly supported in molecular-biological studies using various markers, that is, ITS (Nazre, 2014;Yapwattanaphun et al, 2004), AFLP (Sobir et al, 2009), RAPD (Sinaga et al, 2007), and ISSR (Sulassih & Santosa, 2013) Incongruences between nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenetic trees can be related to hybridization events involving cytoplasmic captures but can also be explained by patterns of incomplete lineage sorting.…”

“…malaccensis and G . mangostana (Corner, 1997; King, 1890; Kochummen & Whitmore, 1973; Nazre, 2006; Nazre et al, 2018; Whitmore, 1973) has been repeatedly supported in molecular‐biological studies using various markers, that is, ITS (Nazre, 2014; Yapwattanaphun et al, 2004), AFLP (Sobir et al, 2009), RAPD (Sinaga et al, 2007), and ISSR (Sulassih & Santosa, 2013). However, Abdullah et al (2012), Nazre (2014), Sandø et al (2005), and Sobir et al (2009) questioned the conclusion of a close genetic relationship between G .…”

“…Richards (1990b) conducted chromosome counts of G. hombroniana, whereas the count for G. malaccensis was cited from an unpublished Ph.D. thesis (Ha, 1978). Several subsequent molecular-genetic studies have examined this hypothesis (Nazre, 2014;Sinaga et al, 2007;Sobir et al, 2009;Sulassih & Santosa, 2013;Yapwattanaphun et al, 2004). Richards (1990b) did not carefully consider the occurrences of aneuploidy in cultivated mangosteen that predated his study (Table 4).…”