Genetic Diversity Assessment of <i>Cucurbita</i> Genetic Resources in Japan by Nuclear and Organelle DNA Markers

Abstract

Genetic diversity analysis of worldwide Cucurbita genetic resources preserved in the Japanese Genebank can provide valuable information for breeding. In this study, 612 Cucurbita accessions of six species, including 40 accessions with no identification information, were genotyped with 30 SSR markers; 378 alleles were detected (12.6 alleles per marker; range, 4-24). By cluster analysis, the 40 unidentified and 53 likely misidentified accessions were (re)identified. The identification was verified by cluster analysis based on the sequence of the mitochondrial atp4-ccmC region. After correction of the identification information, C. pepo accessions had the highest diversity indices among the species analyzed and thus showed potential as an ideal genetic resource for breeding. Among the three major species (C. moschata, C. maxima, and C. pepo), the diversity indices of accessions from Japan were lower than those of overseas accessions, indicating that the overseas accessions preserved in Japan are more genetically diverse and can be used as materials for the development of new cultivars. STRUCTURE and principal coordinate analyses of C. moschata revealed that several Japan accessions constituted an indispensable part of global crop genetic resources owing to their differences from overseas accessions. Commercial cultivars of C. maxima showed genetic similarity to each other in principal coordinate analysis, suggesting that they may have similar breeding properties. This study corrects some identification errors in the Genebank and could help improve the breeding of Cucurbita vegetables.

Application of RAPD Molecular Technique to Study the Genetic Variations of Citrus in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…Characterization of the various types of citrus fruits is needed as one of the first steps to guarantee the characteristics of citrus fruit varieties. Information on plant diversity is needed in the determination of kinship relationships, breeding programs, and taxonomy [17], [18], [19]. The more available this information is, the easier it is to determine the genetic position or relationship among varieties that can be used as the basis for plant selection.…”