“…Low expense, efficiency in developing large number of DNA markers in a short time, and requirement of basic molecular equipment has made the RAPD technique valuable although band reproducibility, problems of comigration, and scoring errors are a major problem. The technique has been applied in many plant groups such as Glycyrrhiza [42], Atractylodes [43,44], Astragalus [45], Amomun [46], Scutellaria [47], Panax [48][49][50][51], Aconitum [52], Ginkgo [53], Anectochilus [54], Lycium [55], Angelica [56], Bupleurum [57], Dendrobium [58], Magnolia [59], Asarum [60], Apocynum [61], Trollius [62], Phyllanthus [63], Indigofera [64], Coptis [65], Codonopsis [66], Taraxacum [67], Elephantopus [68], and Rehmannia [69]. AP-PCR (arbitrary polymerase chain reaction): AP-PCR (or arbitrarily chosen primers ACP-PCR) is a special case of RAPD using single primers approximately 10-50 bp in length [39].…”