Genetic diversity of<i>Carica papaya</i>as revealed by AFLP markers

Kim, M. S.; Moore, Paul H.; Zee, Francis; Fitch, Maureen M. M.; Steiger, D. L.; Manshardt, Richard M.; Paull, Robert E.; Drew, R. A. I.; Sekioka, Terry T.; Ming, R.

doi:10.1139/g02-012

Cited by 103 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…According to Storey (1941), the papaya can be selfpollinating without losing vigor. Kim et al (2002) and Manshardt (2002) agreed that the predominant reproductive system in papaya is self-pollination. These results corroborate our results, that is, the papaya can be classified as a facultative self-pollinating species.…”

Section: Pollen:ovule Ratio (P:o)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential reproduction mode of hermaphrodite papaya plant (Carica papaya L; Caricaceae)

Junior

Pereira

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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-This research was done to study the reproductive system of papaya hermaphrodite plant based on the histochemical nature of pollen grain, stigma receptivity, in vivo pollen grain germination and pollen:ovule ratio. In the histochemical analysis, pollen grains were stained by using Sudan IV and I 2 KI solution; the stigma receptivity was assessed by alpha-naphthtyl acetate solution in closed and opened flowers. Pollen germination and pollen tube growing were examined in flower buds near anthesis with 0.1% aniline blue. To estimate the pollen:ovule ratio , anthers from each flower bud were dissected and all pollen grains were counted; ovules were dissected from ovaries and were counted under stereomicroscope. The results indicated that papaya pollen grains are of lipidic nature; the stigmas were receptive before the opening and until 48 hours after opening; the pollen grains germinated and emitted polinic tube before flower opening and the pollen:ovule ratio indicated the predominance of autogamous reproductive system. These results indicate that hermaphrodite papaya trees is preferentially of optional autogamous with cleistogamy. Index terms: Carica papaya, cleistogamy, autogamy, pollen grain histochemistry, P:O ratio, stigma receptivity. MODO DE REPRODUÇÃO PREFERENCIAL DE PLANTAS HERMAFRODITAS DE MAMOEIRO (Carica papaya L; Caricaceae)RESUMO -Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de estudar o sistema reprodutivo preferencial de plantas hermafroditas de mamoeiro, com base na natureza histoquímica dos grãos de pólen, receptividade do estigma, teste de germinação in vivo do grão de pólen e razão pólen : óvulo. Na análise histoquímica dos grãos de pólen, foram utilizados os corantes Sudan IV e solução de I 2 KI; a receptividade do estigma foi avaliada com a solução de acetato de alfa-naftil em flores abertas e fechadas. A germinação e o crescimento do tubo polínico in vivo foram avaliados em flores fechadas, utilizando solução de azul de anilina a 0,1%. Para estimar a razão pólen:óvulo, anteras de cada flor foram dissecadas, e os grãos de pólen foram contados; ovários foram dissecados, e os óvulos foram contados sob estereomicroscópio. Os resultados indicaram que os grãos de pólen do mamoeiro são de natureza lipídica; os estigmas estavam receptivos antes da abertura e até 48 h após a abertura; os grãos de pólen germinaram e emitiram tubo polínico antes da abertura floral, e a relação pólen:óvulo, indicou predominância do sistema reprodutivo autógamo. Esses resultados indicaram que o modo de reprodução preferencial do mamoeiro hermafrodita é autógamo facultativo com cleistogamia. Termos para indexação: Carica papaya, cleistogamia, autogamia, histoquímica de grãos de pólen, relação P : O, receptividade de estigma.

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Section: Pollen:ovule Ratio (P:o)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential reproduction mode of hermaphrodite papaya plant (Carica papaya L; Caricaceae)

Junior

Pereira

et al. 2009

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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“…The threefold reduction of accumulated genetic distance is attributed mainly to the high resolution of codominant SSR markers that separate the three classes of genotypes in the F 2 population, which contrasts with the dominant AFLP markers that mix the homozygous-dominant and heterozygous classes to calculate inflated map distances. The AFLP map was constructed from an F 2 population of closely related parents, Kapoho and SunUp, which would assure a high recombination rate and thus increase genetic distance (Kim et al 2002;Ma et al 2004). The parents of the F 2 population used for our SSR map are more distantly related (Kim et al 2002) and expected to have a lower recombination rate.…”

Section: Suppression Of Recombination In the Msymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AFLP map was constructed from an F 2 population of closely related parents, Kapoho and SunUp, which would assure a high recombination rate and thus increase genetic distance (Kim et al 2002;Ma et al 2004). The parents of the F 2 population used for our SSR map are more distantly related (Kim et al 2002) and expected to have a lower recombination rate. Another major reason for the inflated genetic distance is missing data as can be seen by the 1-cM genetic distance caused by two missing data points in the genotype of otherwise perfectly sexcosegregating marker P3K2981YC0 on LG 1.…”

Section: Suppression Of Recombination In the Msymentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Sequence-Tagged High-Density Genetic Map of Papaya for Comparative Structural and Evolutionary Genomics in Brassicales

Chen

Hou

et al. 2007

Genetics

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A high-density genetic map of papaya (Carica papaya L.) was constructed using microsatellite markers derived from BAC end sequences and whole-genome shot gun sequences. Fifty-four F 2 plants derived from varieties AU9 and SunUp were used for linkage mapping. A total of 707 markers, including 706 microsatellite loci and the morphological marker fruit flesh color, were mapped into nine major and three minor linkage groups. The resulting map spanned 1069.9 cM with an average distance of 1.5 cM between adjacent markers. This sequence-based microsatellite map resolved the very large linkage group 2 (LG 2) of the previous high-density map using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. The nine major LGs of our map represent papaya's haploid nine chromosomes with LG 1 of the sex chromosome being the largest. This map validates the suppression of recombination at the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) mapped on LG 1 and at potential centromeric regions of other LGs. Segregation distortion was detected in a large region on LG 1 surrounding the MSY region due to the abortion of the YY genotype and in a region of LG6 due to an unknown cause. This high-density sequencetagged genetic map is being used to integrate genetic and physical maps and to assign genome sequence scaffolds to papaya chromosomes. It provides a framework for comparative structural and evolutional genomic research in the order Brassicales. Papaya is a perennial plant species that flowers as early as 3 months and produces fruit in 9 months; it is trioecious with an intriguing sex determination system with three basic sex types: male, female, and hermaphrodite. A high-density genetic map of papaya, constructed using 1498 AFLP and three morphological markers revealed severe suppression of recombination at the sex determination locus with 225 cosegregating markers accounting for 66% of the markers on linkage group 1 (LG 1) and 15% of the markers genomewide . This AFLP map provided a critical piece of evidence for defining the primitive Y chromosome in papaya . Sequence comparison of Y-specific fragments from males and hermaphrodites confirmed that 1

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“…However, the germplasm of papaya has considerable genetic variability for several important agronomic traits, such as fruit size and shape, skin color, flavor and sweetness, duration of juvenile period, and plant height (Kim et al, 2002;Dias et al, 2011). Exploitation of this genetic variability may strengthen the genetic basis of this crop through the development of new lines and hybrids, given that the reproductive system of papaya enables crosses and that the absence of inbreeding depression makes it possible to obtain lines with high vigor (Oliveira et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, when used alone, they show some restrictions for diversity studies. In contrast, DNA molecular markers can reveal differences between genotypes more efficiently because the markers characterize the genome of the organism directly, where they are not influenced by the environment (Lefebvre et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2002). However, as disadvantages DNA markers access the entire genome instead of only the regions responsible for the manifestation of the traits of interest (Franco et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of morpho-agronomic traits and DNA profiling for classification of genetic diversity in papaya

Jesus

Freitas²,

Dantas³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. We examined the genetic diversity of papaya (Carica papaya) based on morpho-agronomic and molecular data. Twentyseven genotypes grown in Brazil were analyzed with 11 AFLP primer combinations, 23 ISSR markers, 22 qualitative, and 30 quantitative descriptors. For the joint analyses, we used the Gower algorithm (Joint Gower) and the average value of the individual dissimilarity matrix for each type of data (Average-Joint Gower); 359 AFLP and 52 ISSR polymorphic bands were found. Approximately 29.2 and 7.7% of the AFLP and ISSR bands, respectively, were genotype-specific and may therefore be used for papaya variety protection. Although there was a significant correlation between the qualitative and quantitative descriptor dissimilarity matrices (r = 0.43), the morpho-agronomic data were not highly correlated with the molecular data. Moreover, correlation between AFLP and ISSR dissimilarity matrices was nearly null (r = -0.01). Joint Gower analysis of all data showed high correlations, especially for AFLP markers, most likely due to the larger number of bands, generating ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 12 (4): 6646-6663 (2013) Germplasm characterization of papaya 6647 a strong bias in the diversity estimates. The Average-Joint Gower analysis allowed a better balance between the correlations for the continuous and the discrete variables. The results generated by clustering analysis distinguished 5 genetically distinct groups. While we found that papaya genotypes are significantly variable for many traits, we observed that Average-Joint Gower analysis allowed for genotype clustering based on the most widely used criterion for classifying papaya genotypes, which is fruit type ('Formosa' or 'Solo'). This information helps provide an accurate estimate of the genetic diversity and structure of papaya germplasm, which will be used for further breeding strategies.

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Genetic diversity ofCarica papayaas revealed by AFLP markers

Cited by 103 publications

References 29 publications

Preferential reproduction mode of hermaphrodite papaya plant (Carica papaya L; Caricaceae)

Preferential reproduction mode of hermaphrodite papaya plant (Carica papaya L; Caricaceae)

Construction of a Sequence-Tagged High-Density Genetic Map of Papaya for Comparative Structural and Evolutionary Genomics in Brassicales

Use of morpho-agronomic traits and DNA profiling for classification of genetic diversity in papaya

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