Genetic Relationship among Wild Medicinal Genotypes of <i>Ziziphora canescens</i> Benth. and <i>Ziziphora tenuior</i> L. and Detection of Genetic Variations Resulted From Tissue Culture, Salinity and pH Media

Abstract

Ziziphora tenuior L. and Ziziphora canescens Benth. are two of plants which using in folk medicine in the Kalamoon Mountains areas of Syria for cough, stomachache and dysentery. Samples of Ziziphora genotypes were collected from four different locations (Assal Al-Ward, Yabroud, Qarah and Maaraba), 20 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 10 genotypes. Amplified fragments were polymorphic with percentage 93.4% and 100% when RAPD and ISSR markers were used respectively. The first cluster depending on RAPD data formed by the grouping of all Ziziphora tenuior L. and the second cluster formed by grouping of all Ziziphora canescens Benth. genotypes. While the first cluster based on ISSR data formed by two genotypes Ziziphora tenuior L. (Maaraba), the second cluster formed by three genotypes Ziziphora tenuior L. and five genotypes Ziziphora canescens Benth. (Assal AlWard, Yabroud and Qarah). ISSR markers were recorded a high degree of biodiversity among Ziziphora tenuior L. genotype collected from Maaraba and other genotypes. Genetic stability of Ziziphora tenuior L. and Ziziphora canescens Benth. was confirmed among mother plant and shoots that underwent one to nine cycles of in vitro subculturing by RAPD markers that produced monomorphic bands, while ISSR bands were polymorphic especially in 7,8 and 9 subcultures. Also Genetic variations of Ziziphora canescens Benth. that resulted from salinity (1,2,3,4 and 5 g/L) and pH (7,8 and 9) media were detected, both of RAPD and ISSR bands were polymorphic compared with control except some RAPD primers produced monomorphic bands. Callus from Ziziphora tenuior L. that induction on different media (MS + 1.5 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L Kin) or (MS + 2 mg/L IBA + 0.5 mg/L Kin) showed high variations compare with micropropagated plants from apical mirestem on media (MS + 1 mg/L Kin + 0.1 mg/L NAA).

Ziziphora tenuior L. essential oil from Dana Biosphere Reserve (Southern Jordan); Chemical characterization and assessment of biological activities

“…In Iranian folk medicine, it is used to treat fever, dysentery and uterus infections (Talebi et al, 2012), gut inflammation and cough (Safa et al, 2012), bladder stone and painful menstruation (Naghibi et al, 2005). In the folk medicine of the Kalamoon Mountains area in Syria, it is used against cough, stomachache and dysentery (Dakah et al, 2015). In Turkish folk medicine, Ziziphora species have been used as infusion for various purposes such as antimicrobial, antiseptic, sedative and carminative effects as well as to treat stomach ache and wound healing (Kilic and Bagci, 2013;Celik et al, 2016).…”

Identification of DNA variation in callus derived from Zingiber officinale and anticoagulation activities of ginger rhizome and callus

“…Plant tissue culture media, pH, and salinity lead to higher polymorphism (Dakah et al 2015). However, the electrophoretic pattern variation of genomic DNA from Ananas bracteatus callus was induced after 120 days of culture, probably due to the medium supplementation with 2,4-D (Costa and Zaffari 2005).…”

SSR Analysis of Maternal and Paternal Lines Selected in the Don Region (Russia)

“…There are new opportunities to study genetic diversity of organisms after introduction of DNA markers in the practice of biological research (Goodfellow et al, 2005;Dong et al, 2007;Okumus, 2007;Wong et al, 2009;Acharya and Sharma, 2009;Nagaty et al, 2011;Pandey et al, 2011;El-Assal and Gaber, 2012;El-Awady et al, 2012;Dakah et al, 2015).…”