Genetic Subtyping of gag and env Regions of HIV Type 1 Isolates in Republic of Congo

Bikandou, Blaise; Ndoundou-Nkodia, Marie-Yvonne; Niama, Fabien Roch; Ekwalanga, Michel; Obengui, Obengui; Taty-Taty, R.; Parra, Henri Joseph; Saragosti, Sentob

doi:10.1089/aid.2004.20.1005

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Phylogenetic analyses of protease and RT in the pol gene confirmed the strain distributions previously observed in the gag (p24) and env (v3–v5) regions [9]. Surprisingly, the subtype A, which was one of the most important HIV-1 circulating subtypes in Congo (56.25% in 2004 [7] and 36.5% in gag in 2006 [8]), represents now only 2% (1 strain). This weak proportion can be explained by the fact that the majority of strains (13 of 14) classified as A in the pol gene were revealed to be recombinants in the bootscan analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…This proportion appears to be higher than those previously reported in the country: in 2004 and 2006 [8, 9], it was found that 27 and 20% of the virus, respectively, displayed different subtype/CRF designations. In DRC, the proportion of recombinant strains in the pol / env genomic region was 42% in 2002 [6].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Previous reports showed the high genetic diversity concerning the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in the Republic of Congo. The subtypes A, G and D predominate, but approximately 20–27% of strains circulating in the country are recombinants [7, 8] and 6.25% of strains remain unclassified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV-1 genetic diversity and primary drug resistance mutations before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy, Republic of Congo

Niama

Vidal²,

Diop-Ndiaye

et al. 2017

BMC Res Notes

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BackgroundIn this work, we investigated the genetic diversity of HIV-1 and the presence of mutations conferring antiretroviral drug resistance in 50 drug-naïve infected persons in the Republic of Congo (RoC). Samples were obtained before large-scale access to HAART in 2002 and 2004.MethodsTo assess the HIV-1 genetic recombination, the sequencing of the pol gene encoding a protease and partial reverse transcriptase was performed and analyzed with updated references, including newly characterized CRFs. The assessment of drug resistance was conducted according to the WHO protocol.ResultsAmong the 50 samples analyzed for the pol gene, 50% were classified as intersubtype recombinants, charring complex structures inside the pol fragment. Five samples could not be classified (noted U). The most prevalent subtypes were G with 10 isolates and D with 11 isolates. One isolate of A, J, H, CRF05, CRF18 and CRF37 were also found. Two samples (4%) harboring the mutations M230L and Y181C associated with the TAMs M41L and T215Y, respectively, were found.ConclusionThis first study in the RoC, based on WHO classification, shows that the threshold of transmitted drug resistance before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy is 4%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

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HIV-1 genetic diversity and primary drug resistance mutations before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy, Republic of Congo

Niama

Vidal²,

Diop-Ndiaye

et al. 2017

BMC Res Notes

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“…Of these, one-third were directed to the neighboring city of Brazzaville (fig. S5), explaining the high genetic diversity of group M reported there (18, 19). Further, our results revealed that the earliest introductions of HIV-1 to Brazzaville occurred by 1937 (95% BCI: 1920–1953) (Fig.…”

Section: Early Spatial Expansion From Kinshasamentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Two HIV-1 sequences substantially predate the discovery of AIDS and were retrospectively recovered from blood and tissue samples (16, 17) collected in Kinshasa, capital of the DRC, in 1959–1960. Other countries in the Congo River basin—notably the Republic of Congo (RC) (18, 19), as well as Cameroon and Gabon (20, 21)—also harbor very high diversities of HIV-1 comparable to that observed in the DRC. Nevertheless, hypotheses concerning the geographic source of the pandemic and its early dissemination in humans remain controversial and have yet to be formally tested.…”

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confidence: 99%

The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations

Faria

Rambaut

Suchard

et al. 2014

Science

574

459

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Thirty years after the discovery of HIV-1, the early transmission, dissemination, and establishment of the virus in human populations remain unclear. Using statistical approaches applied to HIV-1 sequence data from central Africa, we show that from the 1920s Kinshasa (in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo) was the focus of early transmission and the source of pre-1960 pandemic viruses elsewhere. Location and dating estimates were validated using the earliest HIV-1 archival sample, also from Kinshasa. The epidemic histories of HIV-1 group M and nonpandemic group O were similar until ~1960, after which group M underwent an epidemiological transition and outpaced regional population growth. Our results reconstruct the early dynamics of HIV-1 and emphasize the role of social changes and transport networks in the establishment of this virus in human populations.

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Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Kenya

et al. 2015

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Hepatitis C virus is a great public-health concern worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis of the HCV genome has identified six different genotypes that have generally been divided into several subtypes. There is very little information on HCV seroprevalence and genotypes in Kenya. To determine the genotypes of HCV circulating in Kenya, blood donor samples were serologically tested and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were cloned and sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis conducted to determine the HCV genotypes. One hundred Murex-seropositive samples were re-tested using a passive hemagglutination test, and 16 of these were identified as seropositive. Further testing of all of the samples by PCR identified only 10 of the 16 samples as positive. Thus, only 10 % (10/100) of the samples were viremic. Six were from females (60 %), and four were from males (40 %). The mean age of the positive donors was considerably low, at 25 +/- 9 years. Genotypic testing indicated the presence of genotype 1a (10 %) and genotype 2b (90 %). This study reports on HCV genotypes in a blood donor population in Kenya where little had been done to provide information on HCV genotypes.

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Genetic Subtyping of gag and env Regions of HIV Type 1 Isolates in Republic of Congo

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

HIV-1 genetic diversity and primary drug resistance mutations before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy, Republic of Congo

HIV-1 genetic diversity and primary drug resistance mutations before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy, Republic of Congo

The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Kenya

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