Genetic typing of South Kazakhstan populations’ dairy camels using DNA technology

Entrepreneurial development in the production sphere of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

“…The priority task of researching the market for milk processing plants is to study the demand for dairy products from the population, study the purchasing power of the people, study the possibility of reducing the production cost, and state regulation of prices for manufactured products as a strategically important. Such a survey will allow effective product development programs, quickly respond to the market situation, and effectively counter the competition [16], [20], [23]. To make rational decisions, reliable information on the market needs, consumer groups, existing competitors, and production volumes is necessary.…”

“…A particular unit was not created under such management, which led to critical financial conditions. These problems and an increase in the number of threats, risks, and dangers in economic activities necessitate the creation of a specialized unit (department, service) of financial security at the enterprise [13], [20]. The first step describes the financial strategy of the dairy processing company (the establishment of long-term tasks of economic activities) and depends on the features of the implementation of the company's financial security management.…”

“…This dual role of the financial system of the enterprise has the following manifestations: -the ability to conduct own financial policy within the framework of the current legislation; -ability to implement financial measures for urgent financial situations at the enterprise associated with local financial miscalculations at the central level; -ability to consistently maintain the compliance of the existing financial standards at the enterprise with the generally accepted world's practice; -ability to respond to crisis changes in the banking and financial sector of the country. A threat to financial security is a potential or actual action of individuals or legal entities that violate the security of a business entity and could lead to the termination of its activities or financial and other losses [20]. Threats to financial security include components of the external and internal environment and their relationships.…”

Role of molecular genetics, genomics, and bioinformatics in the conservation of camel

“…In addition, genetic information can be used to identify and protect populations with high levels of genetic diversity, and to monitor changes in genetic diversity over time. Furthermore, it is used for the identification and management of inbreeding in camels (Elmira et al, 2020). Inbreeding can lead to a loss of genetic diversity and an increased risk of genetic disorders.…”

Review of genetic diversity in Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)

“…Mongolian domestic Bactrian camels are mainly distributed in Umnegobi, Dornogobi, Dundgobi, Bayankhongor, and Gobi-Altai, and three breeds are recognized: Galbiin Gobiin Ulaan (GGU), Haniin Hetsiin Huren (HHH), and Tokhom-tungalag or Hos Zogdort (HZ) ( Chuluunbat et al, 2014 ). In terms of camel breeding in Kazakhstan, camel breeds, such as Kazakh, Mongolian, and Kalmyk Bactrian camels are mainly bred and found in Almaty, Batysdykazakstan, Ongtustikkazakstan, and Aktube ( Elmira et al, 2020 ). The most common locations and characteristics of Bactrian camel breeds are listed in Figure 3 and Table 1 .…”