Genetics, pathogenicity and transmissibility of novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses first isolated from migratory birds in western China

Lu, Shaoxia; Zhao, Zongzheng; Zhang, Jiajie; Wang, Weidong; He, Xin; Yu, Min; Zhang, Chunmao; Li, Xiang; Guo, Zhixin; Yang, Xiaoyu; Liu, Lina; Zhi, Min; Fu, Tian; Lv, Xinru; Ma, Wenge; Liao, Mengying; Chai, Hongliang; Liu, Linna; Qian, Jun; Ma, Jingyun

doi:10.1038/s41426-017-0001-1

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Additionally, there were other amino acid differences between each protein of SBD‐83 and SBD‐87 (Table ), but further studies of the function of these mutations in pathogenicity and other aspects of infection are necessary. A previous study showed that H5N6 HPAIVs, which originated from wild birds, were genetically similar to the Asian H5N6 virus, which caused human infections but showed low pathogenicity in mice (Lu, ). Therefore, the SBD‐87 isolate, which presented moderate pathogenicity in mice, was more pathogenic in mice than the above‐mentioned human H5N6‐related virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIV was first identified in migratory birds in 2014 (Bi, Chen, et al, ; Bi, Liu, et al, ). Subsequently, the Clade 2.3.4.4C H5N6 mutant was identified as the causative agent of the migratory bird infections in China in November 2015 (Lu, ). In poultry, severe outbreaks caused by Clade 2.3.4.4C H5N6 viruses have been reported in Vietnam, Korea, China and Japan (OIE, ; Si, ; Tsunekuni, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, the Clade 2.3.4.4C H5N6 mutant was identified as the causative agent of the migratory bird infections in China in November 2015 (Lu, 2018). In poultry, severe outbreaks caused by Clade 2.3.4.4C…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel H5N6 avian influenza virus reassortants with European H5N8 isolated in migratory birds, China

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Five novel H5N6 influenza viruses, including four highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and one low pathogenic avian influenza virus, were isolated from migratory birds in Ningxia, China, in November 2017. To understand the genetic origination of the novel H5N6 virus, and the infectivity and pathogenicity of the four highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mammals, phylogeographic analyses and infection studies in mice were performed. The phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses showed that the H5N6 isolates, which are closely related to the viruses from Korea, Japan and the Netherlands, originated from reassortant virus between H5N8 and HxN6 viruses from western Russia. The animal study revealed that the SBD‐87 isolate presented moderate virulence in mice, suggesting a potential public risk to humans and a potential threat to public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel H5N6 avian influenza virus reassortants with European H5N8 isolated in migratory birds, China

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

Self Cite

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“…A retrospective study conducted in China confirmed that the A(H5N6) clade 2.3.4.4 had circulated in wild birds in southern China in 2013, the year of the first isolation of this subtype from poultry in the region (Luo et al, 2018). Lu et al (2018) reported the first case of detection of A(H5N6) in wild migratory birds sampled during active surveillance in western China at the end of 2015. The following species of birds were positive: Northern Shoveler, Common Teal, Ferruginous Pochard, Eurasian Wigeon, Ruddy Shelduck, Falcated Teal, Gadwall, and Great Crested Grebe.…”

Section: Genetic Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Avian influenza overview November 2017 ‐ February 2018

Adlhoch¹,

Brouwer²,

Kuiken³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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Between 16 November 2017 and 15 February 2018, one highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N6) and five HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks in poultry holdings, two HPAI A(H5N6) outbreaks in captive birds and 22 HPAI A(H5N6) wild bird events were reported within Europe. There is a lower incursion of HPAI A(H5N6) in poultry compared to HPAI A(H5N8). There is no evidence to date that HPAI A(H5N6) viruses circulating in Europe are associated with clades infecting humans. Clinical signs in ducks infected with HPAI A(H5N8) seemed to be decreasing, based on reports from Bulgaria. However, HPAI A(H5N8) is still present in Europe and is widespread in neighbouring areas. The majority of mortality events of wild birds from HPAIV A(H5) in this three‐month period involved single birds. This indicates that the investigation of events involving single dead birds of target species is important for comprehensive passive surveillance for HPAI A(H5). Moreover, 20 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) outbreaks were reported in three Member States. The risk of zoonotic transmission to the general public in Europe is considered to be very low. The first human case due to avian influenza A(H7N4) was notified in China underlining the threat that newly emerging avian influenza viruses pose for transmission to humans. Close monitoring is required of the situation in Africa and the Middle East with regards to HPAI A(H5N1) and A(H5N8). Uncontrolled spread of virus and subsequent further genetic evolution in regions geographically connected to Europe may increase uncertainty and risk for further dissemination of virus. The risk of HPAI introduction from Third countries via migratory wild birds to Europe is still considered much lower for wild birds crossing the southern borders compared to birds crossing the north‐eastern borders, whereas the introduction via trade is still very to extremely unlikely.

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“…However, large-scale surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds is still rare. Consequently, little is known about the ongoing evolution and diversity of H5N6 within the wild bird reservoir itself, and even less is known about its potential for transmission to domestic birds and its threat to humans [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses in wild birds in southern China

Zhang

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Journal of General Virology

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The predominance of H5N6 in ducks and continuous human cases have heightened its potential threat to public health in China. Therefore, the detection of emerging variants of H5N6 avian influenza viruses has become a priority for pandemic preparedness. Questions remain as to its origin and circulation within the wild bird reservoir and interactions at the wild-domestic interface. Samples were collected from migratory birds in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, PR China during the routine bird ring survey in 2014-16. Phylogenetic and coalescent analyses were conducted to uncover the evolutionary relationship among viruses circulating in wild birds. Here, we report the potential origin and phylogenetic diversity of H5N6 viruses isolated from wild birds in Poyang Lake. Sequence analyses indicated that Jiangxi H5N6 viruses most likely evolved from Eurasian-derived H5Nx and H6N6 viruses through multiple reassortment events. Crucially, the diversity of the HA gene implies that these Jiangxi H5N6 viruses have diverged into two primary clades − clade 2.3.4.4 and clade 2.3.2.1 c. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two independent pathways of reassortment during 2014-16 that might have facilitated the generation of emerging variants within wild bird populations as well as inter-species infections. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the genetic diversification of H5N6 viruses in the wild bird population. These results highlight the necessity of large-scale surveillance of wild birds in the Poyang Lake area to address the threat of regional epizootic epidemics and attendant pandemics.

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Genetics, pathogenicity and transmissibility of novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses first isolated from migratory birds in western China

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Novel H5N6 avian influenza virus reassortants with European H5N8 isolated in migratory birds, China

Novel H5N6 avian influenza virus reassortants with European H5N8 isolated in migratory birds, China

Avian influenza overview November 2017 ‐ February 2018

Diversity of avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses in wild birds in southern China

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