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Abstract:Changing existing features of living beings or giving new features to them by changing the natural gene sequence through biotechnological methods is called "genetically modified organisms", in short "GMO". Nowadays, lots of food consumed is either totally genetically modified food or a type of food including food components produced by gene modification technology. Improving nutritive quality, extracting aminoacids as food additives and enzymes in microorganisms, increasing retention period and organeolepticquality, new planting methods, precocity, resistance against disease, stres, herbicide and viruses, better waste utilization, saving of soil, water and energy, creating new bioprocesses are the probable advantages of genetically modified organisms, whereas changes in food quality, genetic diversity threats, unfair competition between organic suppliers and traditional suppliers, noncompulsory awarness raising in some countries, food industry dominated only by a few big companies, biopiracy and consuming of natural resources by foreigners are among the probable disadvantages of genetically modified foods. Among the hesitations about GMO widely used and consumed all over the world, the most topical issue is the probable health risks caused by GMOs which are consumed as food. Through gene transfer, some features causing allergy and disease can be carried from other organism and as a consequence of this, there may be the risk of finding unexpected biochemical products in transgenic products. As uncertainities about GM foods continue, studies conducted in many countries have revealed that there are many differences among people's information, attitude and behaviour toward this issue in various countries. Modified food is affected by factors such as education and knowledge level, risk perception, socioeconomic status, media, etc. Besides, level of income and occupation follow them. In the present compilation based on literature, it is aimed to summarize the facts related to GMO. For this reason, the probable risk factors for human health, consumer reaction, the pros and cons of GMOs stated by defining GM generally are explained in the study. With the present study aiming to reveal GM foods and their probable health risks for human, it is concluded that consumers accept the existence of biotechnologic applications but they are not familiar with these products and also consumers have great considerations about GMO produced by genetic modification and they display a negative attitude toward GM products.Consumer should be informed due to all these reasons. Media organs, therefore, have a significant role as the source of information and they will also contribute to raise awareness in society.
Abstract:Changing existing features of living beings or giving new features to them by changing the natural gene sequence through biotechnological methods is called "genetically modified organisms", in short "GMO". Nowadays, lots of food consumed is either totally genetically modified food or a type of food including food components produced by gene modification technology. Improving nutritive quality, extracting aminoacids as food additives and enzymes in microorganisms, increasing retention period and organeolepticquality, new planting methods, precocity, resistance against disease, stres, herbicide and viruses, better waste utilization, saving of soil, water and energy, creating new bioprocesses are the probable advantages of genetically modified organisms, whereas changes in food quality, genetic diversity threats, unfair competition between organic suppliers and traditional suppliers, noncompulsory awarness raising in some countries, food industry dominated only by a few big companies, biopiracy and consuming of natural resources by foreigners are among the probable disadvantages of genetically modified foods. Among the hesitations about GMO widely used and consumed all over the world, the most topical issue is the probable health risks caused by GMOs which are consumed as food. Through gene transfer, some features causing allergy and disease can be carried from other organism and as a consequence of this, there may be the risk of finding unexpected biochemical products in transgenic products. As uncertainities about GM foods continue, studies conducted in many countries have revealed that there are many differences among people's information, attitude and behaviour toward this issue in various countries. Modified food is affected by factors such as education and knowledge level, risk perception, socioeconomic status, media, etc. Besides, level of income and occupation follow them. In the present compilation based on literature, it is aimed to summarize the facts related to GMO. For this reason, the probable risk factors for human health, consumer reaction, the pros and cons of GMOs stated by defining GM generally are explained in the study. With the present study aiming to reveal GM foods and their probable health risks for human, it is concluded that consumers accept the existence of biotechnologic applications but they are not familiar with these products and also consumers have great considerations about GMO produced by genetic modification and they display a negative attitude toward GM products.Consumer should be informed due to all these reasons. Media organs, therefore, have a significant role as the source of information and they will also contribute to raise awareness in society.
Bünyelerine yabancı genler dahil edilerek genetik yapıları değişikliğe uğratılan, yabancı genleri genomlarına entegre eden ve bu özellikleri gösteren organizmalara "genetiği değiştirilmiş organizma (GDO)" denir. Geliştirilmelerinden bu yana; birçok alanda gündelik hayatımıza giren GDO'ların, en yaygın uygulama alanı bulduğu sektörler, tarım ve gıda sektörü olmuştur. Ancak, uzun süredir özellikle gıda olarak tükettiğimiz GDO'ların ve türevlerinin, insan sağlığı üzerinde; alerjik ve toksik etkiler oluşturma, antibiyotiklere direnç gelişimine neden olma, kanser oluşumunda rol oynama gibi olumsuzluklara yol açabileceğini savunan tartışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu makalede; genetik olarak modifiye edilmiş gıdalar ve bunların insan sağlığı üzerinde oluşturabileceği potansiyel olumsuz etkiler hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Araştırmanın amacı, Samsun ili Atakum ilçesinin kentsel alanında ikamet eden tüketicilerin Genetiği değiştirilmiş (GD) gıdalarla ilgili duyarlılığı üzerine medyanın etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın materyalini, ailede gıda satın alma kararında etkili olan 196 tüketiciyle yapılan anketler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, GD gıdalar konusunda tüketicilerin % 33,16’sının duyarlı ve % 35,72’sinin kısmen duyarlı oldukları, % 31,12’sinin ise duyarlı olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Tüketicilerin yaşları ve meslekleri yönünden duyarlılık grupları arasında istatistiki olarak önemli farklılık vardır. Tüketicilerin bilgi kaynakları arasında klasik medya araçlarından televizyon üç grupta da ilk sırada yer almaktadır. İnternet kullanım sıklığı tüm gruplarda günde birkaç saat olarak belirlenmiştir. Üç grupta da en fazla kullanılan sosyal medya araçları sırasıyla WhatsApp, Instagram ve Facebooktur. Dünyada GD gıdaların sağlık üzerine etkileri henüz bilinmediği için, bazı sivil toplum kuruluşları ve meslek örgütleri tarafından GD gıdaların tüketilmesi konusunda olumsuz görüş bulunmaktadır. Olumsuz görüşlere rağmen daha düşük maliyetli üretiminden dolayı, besin ihtiyacının karşılanması açısından geri kalmış ülkelerde GD gıdaların tüketilmesinin gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bakımdan son yıllarda gelişmiş ülkeler tarafından, geri kalmış ülkelere ihraç edilmek amacıyla GD gıdaların üretimi artmıştır. Yüksek gelirli ve gıda güvenliği konusunda hassasiyeti olan bazı tüketiciler ise, bu ürünleri istemedikleri halde bazen farkında olmadan tüketmektedirler. Burada önemli olan etkili medya araçları vasıtasıyla, GD gıdalar konusunda tüketicilerin doğru bilgilendirilmelerinin sağlanmasıdır.
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